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Early Civilizations

Early Civilizations. pages 34-39. The Fertile Crescent. civilizations: groups of __________ who have a complex and organized __________ within a culture civilizations have their own _____________, food supply, social _____________, government, religion, and technology. Civilizations.

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Early Civilizations

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  1. Early Civilizations

  2. pages 34-39 The Fertile Crescent

  3. civilizations: groups of __________ who have a complex and organized __________ within a culture civilizations have their own _____________, food supply, social _____________, government, religion, and technology. Civilizations

  4. land between _____________ and __________________ Rivers because it was between two rivers , the land was very fertile (it had rich ______________) fertile soil was good for ________________ “______________________” = land between two rivers Where Civilization Began

  5. summers: hot and _______ • _______ for farming • winters: unpredictable rainfall • caused rivers to ___________ • they needed a method to control the rainfall • ________________ systems helped manage when and how much __________ got to their crops Climate and Rivers

  6. problem solvers • problem: lack of a reliable _____________source: made _______________ difficult • solution: _______________ systems • problem: lack of trees/stones made ________________ difficult • solution: used reeds to build huts and sun dried mud ______________ to build homes, temples and palaces The People of Mesopotamia

  7. EQ: What was one problem solved by the people of Mesopotamia? • farmers • most people wanted to work on a farm • made better farming ___________ • ____________ their goods on the _________ • extra food = _____________ = rise of civilization The People of Mesopotamia

  8. city-states • a city that is an _________________ unit, complete with its own form of government • surplus of food led to division of _____________ (artisans, potters) would be paid with __________ • traders • traded for goods that Mesopotamians ______ • means of transportation: large wooden ________ • contact with others spread their ____________ Growth of City-States and Trade

  9. pages 40-46 Mesopotamia

  10. two ______-__________ of Mesopotamia • different languages- ____________ and ________________ • Uruk • city-state of ________________ • used _____________ as source of water • mudbrick wall surrounded Uruk for ___________ • ___________-temple made of stacked rectangular platforms, wanted to link them to ____________ Sumer and Akkad

  11. _________________- worship of many gods divine ______________- power of the king was given by the gods believed that the happiness of their gods determined their outcomes on Earth- burned incense, provided food and _____________ had a class system headed by the _________ R: Sumerian A: gods F: prayer T: how is life on Earth, am I thanking you or asking you a favor? Religion and Government

  12. cuneiform • wedge-shaped ___________ • ______________ made by pressing reeds into a wet clay tablet • writing system was developed to keep track of business activities - ___________ of goods • medical texts, law codes, ____________ • Epic of Gilgamesh Writing

  13. Sargon the _______ • Akkadian ruler • formed the worlds first ____________- which stretched from “sunrise to sunset” • appointed his daughter as high priestess • set up the first ___________- rule passed down through the ____________ The Rise and Fall of the Akkadian Empire

  14. Ziggurat of Ur- one of the largest ziggurats ever built contributions: cuneiform and the __________ Sumer’s Final Days

  15. pages 48-53 Babylonia and Assyria

  16. The Rise of Hammurabi • Hammurabi • king of ___________________ • clever leader • sent officials throughout his large empire to carry out his __________ and to collect __________ • tax money used for construction projects and ______________

  17. capital of Babylon- center of ___________ and ____________ • advancements in math, literature and ________ • Code of Hammurabi • consisted of 282 strict _________ for his empire • “an eye for an _______, tooth for a __________” • one of the most complete law codes of ancient times • first ____________ code of law • protected the __________ class • however, punishments were based on _______ status Babylonian Civilization

  18. R: Mr. R A: 6th grade class F: code of laws T: one good law for our class Babylonian civilization

  19. group of people who lived in northern ______________ war-faring people (unlike the ____________) innovation: wheeled battering _________ The Assyrians

  20. Ashurbanipal • King during the most _____________ time • personally led his troops to battle • educated man- read/write Sumerian and Akkadian • Library at Nineveh • collected _____________, Sumerian and Akkadian writings • literature, _________, mathematics and astronomy The Assyrians

  21. Babylon, under ______________________II, grew to a powerful nation • Nebuchadnezzar II (Lil’ Neezy) • _________ of Babylon who took over much of the Assyrian empire • finished _____________ • built the _______________ Gardens • built walls to protect the great ____________ Babylonia Grows

  22. advancements in math- place values and astronomy- eclipses wealthy __________ city after Nebuchadnezzar died, conquered by ____________, end of the Babylonian Empire Babylonia Grows

  23. pages 54-59 Hebrews, Phoenicians, and Lydians

  24. Abraham- founder of ______________ • Hebrews forced into __________ in Egypt • __________ led the exodus of Egypt to freedom • Ten Commandments • Hebrew ______ code • guidelines for moral ______________ • provided guidance for the ___________ of God • unlike Code of ______________- strict laws with harsh punishments as opposed to brief guidelines with no social distinctions The Hebrews

  25. Torah: “to ________” first _____ books of the __________ it is against Jewish law to touch the ____________, so therefore there are scrolls and a pointer contains ________ codes and historical events and stories The Hebrew Bible: Torah

  26. Deborah • Hebrew ________- used in times of trouble • predicted that women would win war against the _____________ • women had ______ power • Deborah was right, woman (Jael) won the war for the ____________ Israel and Judah

  27. The Kingdom of Israel • _________ tribes founded by King ___________ • Solomon- David’s son built temple to house ___________ • death of _______________ broke up into two parts- Israel (N) and Judah (S) Israel and Judah

  28. still read the _________ gather in ________________ festival of ____________- honors escape of Hebrews from Egypt Judaism Today

  29. Phoenicians • positive relations with ____________ • used the ___________________ Sea for trade • trade promoted exchange of goods and ideas • contribution: modern __________, fewer and simpler ___________ which stood for consonants • Lydians • contribution: first to make ______________, made trading easier Phoenicians and Lydians

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