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IAQ And FILTRATION

IAQ And FILTRATION. Controlling Indoor Quality. IAQ IMPROVEMENT. Ventilation, Filtration and Source Control q q q q q q q q The top three methods for controlling indoor air contaminants Control air contaminants Improve IAQ. IAQ AND VENTILATION. Ventilation q q q q q q q q

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IAQ And FILTRATION

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  1. IAQ And FILTRATION Controlling Indoor Quality

  2. IAQ IMPROVEMENT Ventilation, Filtration and Source Control q q q q q q qq • The top three methods for controlling indoor air contaminants • Control air contaminants • Improve IAQ

  3. IAQ AND VENTILATION Ventilation q q q q q q qq • ASHRAE Standard 62 • Basically contaminant dilution • Even diluted, some contaminants are still problems • Has an energy penalty • Air usually must be cleaned

  4. IAQ AND SOURCES Source Control q q q q q q qq • Source elimination, attenuation or substitution • Requires knowledge of source • Usually complicated/impossible • Usually involves change for occupants > > >difficult

  5. IAQ AND FILTRATION Filtration q q q q q q qq Will Always Be • Needed For Contaminants • Originating in the Building • Originating Outside of and entering the building

  6. IAQ AND FILTRATION Filtration q q q q q q qq Will Always Be • One of the most energy efficient options for improving IAQ • One of the most doable options for improving IAQ • One of the lowest capital cost options for improving IAQ

  7. IAQ AND FILTRATION Filtration q q q q q q qq • Also has an energy penalty • But, provides energy return by preventing decline in other HVAC component performance • And, provides other cost benefits, e.g. less maintenance

  8. The Paradox Since Filtration Is So Important & Advantageous to IAQ Why Are There So Many Bad and Problematic Filtration Systems?

  9. A POSSIBLE REASON? • At the consumer level, filtration systems are still considered dust control systems • Filtration systems are not considered contaminant control systems • Essentially: the arrestance vs. efficiency by size range mindset

  10. DUST Focus is on objects: Coils Fans Building surfaces CONTAMINANT Focus is on occupants: Health Well-being Productivity DUST VS. CONTAMINANT

  11. DUST Goals: dust buildup soiling maintenance equipment protection CONTAMINANT Goals: illness irritation absenteeism productivity DUST VS. CONTAMINANT

  12. DUST Properties of concern: physical composition larger (visible) particles amount to load filter CONTAMINANT Properties of concern: physiological effectors 0.3 to 10.0 mm particles airborne concentration DUST VS. CONTAMINANT

  13. DUST Filter selection: what is cheapest arrestance bypass and leakage less important CONTAMINANT Filter selection: what is to be controlled MERV bypass and leakage more important DUST VS. CONTAMINANT

  14. BUT Currently BOTH are important considerations, depending on the conditions AND they are not mutually exclusive—control for contaminants, control for dust

  15. IAQ and Effective Filtration Systems Filtration system selection— the contaminant control model • Determine what is to be controlled • Determine the level of control • Select the best filtration system

  16. IAQ and Effective Filtration Systems Filtration system installation— the contaminant control model • Correctly install the filtration system • Commission the filtration system • Educate and train the customer on operation and maintenance

  17. FILTRATION SYSTEM SELECTION Determine what is to be controlled. • Determine what the customer’s control needs are—allergies, asthma, dust, etc. • Don’t assume you know—ask. • Determine the important contaminants in the building based on the customer’s concerns.

  18. FILTRATION SYSTEM SELECTION Determine what is to be controlled • Determine the physical properties of the important contaminants • Consult knowledgeable IAQ professionals (and maybe docs) when needed • Sample when necessary

  19. FILTRATION SYSTEM SELECTION Determine the level of control • People factor: • varying reactions to contaminants (medical and personal) • varying degrees of potential exposure in the same building • psychosocial influences

  20. FILTRATION SYSTEM SELECTION Determine the level of control • Contaminant factor: • many different types (e.g. biological vs. inert) • many different variations (e.g. 100,000 mold species) • many different forms (e.g. particle vs. fiber) • environmental influence • synergism

  21. FILTRATION SYSTEM SELECTION Determine the level of control • No exact criteria are available for most contaminants—huge gap in research • Building properties and air handling system design will impact contaminant concentrations—try to account for variables

  22. FILTRATION SYSTEM SELECTION Determine the level of control needed • Sampling might help determine approximate contaminant concentrations • Most times, experienced WAG is going to be good enough, but seek help when needed • Customer’s needs should have major impact on level of control needed

  23. FILTRATION SYSTEM SELECTION Select the best filtration system • Best system provides control of important contaminants to the desired concentrations • Focus on the customer’s needs—not the products available for sale

  24. FILTRATION SYSTEM SELECTION Select the best filtration system • MERV 10 minimum—based on mold (about 3.0-10.0 mm particle size range)—but, system should have most efficient filtration in particle size ranges of contaminant of interest • Filters should not exceed allowable fan pressure drop when loaded to factory specification

  25. FILTRATION SYSTEM SELECTION Select the best filtration system • Filters should not load up too rapidly • System should have minimal bypass and leakage • Gaskets should be reliable, effective, durable and easy to replace

  26. FILTRATION SYSTEM SELECTION Select the best filtration system • Filters should be easy to change out and have minimal gizmo hardware (KISS) • System should be adaptable for future modifications • Etc.

  27. FILTRATION SYSTEM INSTALLATION Correctly install the filtration system • Make sure system is installed so filters can be easily changed and hardware can be easily maintained • Seal all seams between filter and fan—Caulk non-removable panel seams; gaskets on removable panels or doors; tape if not gasketed

  28. FILTRATION SYSTEM INSTALLATION Correctly install the filtration system FOLLOW NAFA RECOMMENDATIONS Training, continuing education, professional input, trade shows

  29. FILTRATION SYSTEM INSTALLATION Inspect and test run the filtration system • Thoroughly inspect each filtration system to make sure it was installed according to spec and works as planned • Dry-run filter change out to anticipate problems

  30. FILTRATION SYSTEM INSTALLATION Commission the filtration system FOLLOW NAFA, ASHRAE, SMACNA, Etc. RECOMMENDATIONS AND GUIDELINES Document, document, document

  31. FILTRATION SYSTEM INSTALLATION Educate and train the customer on operation and maintenance • Make sure the customer understands how filtration works in general • Make sure the customer knows how the filtration system works in particular—don’t trust the customer to read the manual

  32. FILTRATION SYSTEM INSTALLATION Educate and train the customer on operation and maintenance. • Dry-run filter change out with customer. • Make sure the customer knows specifically which filters to purchase. • Obtain and preserve all manuals and specifications for system.

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