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THE RENAISSANCE

THE RENAISSANCE. THE “REBIRTH” OF CLASSICAL THEMES AND IDEAS 1300-1650 A.D. “THE PIETA” MICHELANGELO. HUMANISM THE MOVEMENT TO “REBIRTH”. EMPHASIS AND APPRECIATION OF INDIVIDUAL WORTH AND THE DIGNITY OF MAN A MOVE TOWARDS SECULAR LIFE, NOT RELIGIOUS

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THE RENAISSANCE

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  1. THE RENAISSANCE THE “REBIRTH” OF CLASSICAL THEMES AND IDEAS 1300-1650 A.D. “THE PIETA” MICHELANGELO

  2. HUMANISMTHE MOVEMENT TO “REBIRTH” • EMPHASIS AND APPRECIATION OF INDIVIDUAL WORTH AND THE DIGNITY OF MAN • A MOVE TOWARDS SECULAR LIFE, NOT RELIGIOUS • A RETURN TO THE CLASSICS: IDEAS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE GREEKS AND ROMANS • EMPHASIS ON BEAUTY, NOT FEAR • AN IDEAL OF BEING WELL-ROUNDED (DEVELOPING ABILITES IN MANY AREAS) • INCLUDED AN IDEAL OF PERFORMING PUBLIC SERVICE AND EXERCISING INDIVIDUAL CHOICE • STARTED AS A LITERARY MOVEMENT CONCERNED WITH EVERYDAY HUMAN PROBLEMS

  3. CONTRIBUTING INFLUENCES • SCHOLARS TURNING TO IDEAS FROM THE CLASSICAL PERIOD • GROWTH OF COMMERCIAL EMPIRES AND CONTACT WITH WORLD CULTURES • DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN, RATHER THAN RURAL. AREAS • BOOKS WRITTEN IN THE VERNACULAR (MORE PEOPLE BECOME LITERATE) • CORRUPTION IN THE CHURCH AND A DESIRE TO REFORM RELIGION • INCREASED POWER OF MERCHANT CLASS WHO USE THEIR INFLUENCE TO PROMOTE THEIR IDEAS (BECOME PATRONS TO THE ARTS)

  4. EARLY HUMANIST FIGURES • PETRARCH • DANTE • CHAUCER • ERASMUS • CELLINI • THOMAS MORE • BOCCACCIO • MACHIAVELLI • RABELAIS ILLUSTRATION FROM “CANTERBURY TALES”

  5. PETRARCHTHE FATHER OF HUMANISM • 1304-1374 A.D. • FLORENTINE • SPENT MUCH OF HIS YOUTH IN THE POPE’S COURT • FOUND MANY OLD LATIN MANUSCRIPTS TO STUDY. ADMIRED THE WRITERS • DISLIKED ARISTOTLE • WROTE IN THE VERNACULAR • MOST FAMOUS WORKS-LOVE POEMS (SONNETS) TO LAURA, WHO DIED OF THE BLACK PLAGUE • CREATED THE ITALIAN SONNET FORM

  6. CHAUCER • EARLY LITERARY HUMANIST • WROTE CANTERBURY TALES • ABOUT A GROUP OF PILGRIMS TRAVELING TO THE SHRINE OF THOMAS A’ BECKET • THEY ARE A GROUP OF VARIOUS CLASSES AND OCCUPATIONS WHO TELL “WORLDLY” TALES TO AMUSE THEMSELVES ON THE WAY TO CANTERBURY BORN IN ENGLAND IN 1340 DIED IN 1405

  7. DANTE • BORN IN 1265; DIED IN 1321 • EARLY FLORENTINE WRITER; THE 1ST GREAT NAME IN ITALIAN LITERATURE • WROTE THE DIVINE COMEDY ABOUT A TRIP THROUGH HELL, PURGATORY, AND HEAVEN WHILE IN EXILE FOR POLITICAL BELIEFS DANTE WITH A COPY OF THE “DIVINE COMEDY” IN HIS HAND

  8. SCENES FROM “DIVINE COMEDY”

  9. ERASMUS • CONSIDERED THE “PRINCE OF HUMANISM” • 1466-1536 A.D. • DUTCH SCHOLAR AND CHRISTIAN HUMANIST • QUESTIONED THE ACCURACY OF CATHOLIC BIBLE TRANSLATIONS • MOST FAMOUS WORK THEPRAISE OF FOLLY A SATIRE AGAINST SOCIAL EVILS, “KNOWLEDGE FACTORIES” • MADE FUN OF CHURCH PROBLEMS AND ENCOURAGED REFORMS

  10. BENVENUTO CELLINI . • ITALIAN GOLDSMITH, PAINTER, MUSICIAN, SOLDIER, AND SCULPTOR • WROTE THE FIRST MODERN AUTOBIOGRAPHY • ENCOURAGED OTHERS OF EXCELLENCE TO “DESCRIBE LIFE WITH THEIR OWN HAND”

  11. SIR THOMAS MORE • 1478-1535 A.D. • ENGLISH LAWYER • WROTE UTOPIA ABOUT AN IDEAL STATE FREE OF WAR, POVERTY, AND IGNORANCE • (“UTOPIA” ACTUALLY MEANS “NO PLACE”, NOT “IDEAL PLACE” • CHIEF ADVISOR TO HENRY VIII • WAS BEHEADED AFTER CROMWELL PLANTED “EVIDENCE” OF TREASON TO HENRY VIII PORTRAIT OF THOMAS MORE BY HANS HOLBEIN

  12. BOCCACCIO • 1313-1375 A.D. • FLORENTINE • WROTE DECAMERON, STORIES TOLD BY TEN MEN AND WOMEN TO PASS THE TIME AFTER THEY FLED FLORENCE DURING THE PLAGUE • A WORLDLY MORALIST IILLUMINATION OF BOCCACCIO AND PETRARCH

  13. NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI • 1469-1527 A.D. • FROM A FLORENTINE NOBLE FAMILY • WROTE THE PRINCE SAID “MIGHT MAKES RIGHT” • SAID KINGS WERE NOT BOUND TO THE SAME RULES OF LAW AND MORALITY • REJECTED THE IDEA THAT THE STATE EXISTED FOR THE GLORY OF GOD • SAID KINGS SHOULD FORGET IDEALS, BUT DO WHAT IS NECESSARY TO REMAIN POPULAR • SAID A WISE RULER SHOULD NOT OBSERVE FAITH • THOUGHT THE RIGHTS OF THE CITIZENS ARE ONLY WHAT SERVES THE STATE • SINGLE-HANDEDLY REVOLUTIONIZED THE IDEAS OF GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS • DEDICATED THE BOOK TO THE MEDICI • MODERN ADVOCATES: HITLER, MUSSOLINI, STALIN, SADDEM,

  14. RABELAIS • 1494-1553 • FRENCH PHYSICIAN AND MONK • WROTE THE SATIRIC ROMANCES GARGANTUA AND PANTAGRUEL

  15. LEONARDO DA VINCI • 1452-1519 • “THE RENAISSANCE MAN” • SUPPORTED BY THE D’ESTE FAMILY AND THE DUKE OF MILAN MOST FAMOUS WORKS: • “THE LAST SUPPER” • “MONA LISA” LEONARDO’S SELF-PORTRAIT

  16. “MONA LISA” IS “MONA LISA” A SELF-PORTRAIT ???

  17. “MADONNA OF THE ROCKS” “LADY WITH AN ERMINE”

  18. “THE LAST SUPPER”

  19. MICHELANGELO • 1475-1564 • STARTED AS AN APPRENTICE AT 13 (HE BROKE HIS FIRST MASTER’S NOSE IN A FIGHT) • SUPPORTED BY THE MEDICI FAMILY • TOLD THE POPE “I AM A SCULPTOR, NOT A PAINTER” WHEN ASKED TO PAINT THE SISTINE CHAPEL • FAMOUS WORKS: • “THE PIETA” • SISTINE CHAPEL CEILING • “MOSES” • “DAVID” • TOMB OF JULIUS II

  20. “THE PIETA”MICHELANGELO THE STATUE IS LOCATED IN THE VATICAN THIS IS THE ONLY WORK MICHELANGELO SIGNED

  21. STATUE OF “DAVID” THE STATUE STANDS 14’ TALL MICHELANGELO “SAW” DAVID IN THE PIECE OF MARBLE THE STATUE SUMS UP HUMAN DIGNITY AND GREATNESS

  22. THE SISTINE CHAPEL THE CREATION • HE TOOK FOUR YEARS TO PAINT • HE STOOD ON A SCAFFOLDING 70’ HIGH • THE CEILING HAS OVER THREE HUNDRED PERSONAGES • HE ALSO PAINTED “THE LAST JUDGMENT”, THE ALTAR PIECE

  23. “THE LAST JUDGMENT” THE “LAST JUDGMENT” IS THE ALTAR PIECE IN THE SISTINE CHAPEL

  24. ST. PETER’S CATHEDRAL MICHELANGELO’S DESIGN FOR THE DOME ST. PETER’S CATHEDRAL TODAY IN ROME (VATICAN)

  25. RAPHAEL “ST. GEORGE AND THE DRAGON” BABY ANGELS IN THE SISTINE CHAPEL

  26. “THE SCHOOL OF ATHENS”

  27. CARAVAGGIO (HE’S NOT ON THE LIST…BUT I LOVE HIM!!!) “DAVID AND GOLIATH” THE SACRIFICE OF ISAAC”

  28. NORTHERN RENAISSANCE • EMPHASIZED SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND NEED FOR REFORM • RELIGION, ETHICS, AND QUESTIONS OF RIGHT AND WRONG WERE FREQUENT SUBJECTS • ART WAS MOSTLY ABOUT ORDINARY PEOPLE, EVEN SERVANTS, AND EVERYDAY LIFE • MANY OF THE ARTISTS EMPHASIZED STRONG LIGHT AND DARK CONTRAST

  29. REMBRANDT VAN RIJN • DUTCH PAINTER • 1606-1669 • KNOWN FOR HIS USE OF NATURAL LIGHT ILLUMINATING THE FACES OF HIS SUBJECTS, AGAINST DARK BACKGROUNDS • PAINTED COMMON PEOPLE, OFTEN MIDDLE CLASS MERCHANTS • DID MANY PORTRAITS AND SELF-PORTRAITS

  30. “DEMONSTRATION OF THE ANATOMY OF THE ARM” “ARISTOTLEBEFORE THE BUST OF HOMER” “ADORATION OF THE SHEPHERDS”

  31. “PARABLE OF THE RICH MAN” “MAN IN A GOLDEN HELMET” “THE NIGHT WATCH”

  32. “PORTRAIT OF A WOMAN WITH OSTRICH FEATHER” “TWO SCHOLARS DISPUTING” (PETER AND PAUL)

  33. JAN VAN EYCK • ABOUT 1395-DIED 1441 • DUTCH • DID NOT INVENT OIL PAINTS, BUT PERFECTED TECHNIQUES AND EFFECTS • HAD HIS OWN SCHOOL • HIS BROTHERS WERE ALSO PAINTERS • WORKED IN THE COURT AND FOR NOBLES • SENT BY THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY TO PROPOSE TO ISABELLAOF PORTUGAL • WELL-PAID ARTIST “MAN IN A RED TURBAN” (SELF-PORTRAIT)

  34. “THE ARNOLFINA MARRIAGE”

  35. ALBRECHT DURER • 1471-1528 • GERMAN PAINTER, ENGRAVER, AND MATHEMATICIAN • DID PORTRAITS, INCLUDING SELF-PORTRAITS • HIS MOST FAMOUS WORKS ARE HIS ENGRAVINGS SELF-PORTRAIT

  36. “KNIGHT, DEATH, AND THE DEVIL” “ST. JEROME IN HIS STUDY”

  37. RENAISSANCE WOMEN • ISABELLA D’ESTE • ARTEMISIA GENTILESCHI • VITTORIA COLONNA • SOFONISBA ANGUISSOLA • MARGUERITE OF NAVARRE

  38. ISABELLA D’ESTA • “THE FIRST LADY OF THE RENAISSANCE” • 1474-1539 A.D. • MARRIED DUKE GONZAGA OF MANTUA • STRONG CULTURAL AND POLITICAL FIGURE • INFLUENCED BY CASTIGLIONE • WELL-EDUCATED • PATRON TO DA VINCI AND RAPHAEL, AS WELL AS OTHERS PORTRAIT BY TITIAN

  39. SKETCH OF ISABELLA BY DA VINCI • WROTE OVER 2000 LETTERS • MUSICIAN-PLAYED THE LUTE • KNEW GREEK AND LATIN • FOUNDED A SCHOOL FOR YOUNG WOMEN • WHEN HER HUSBAND WAS TAKEN CAPTIVE, SHE TOOK OVER THE CITY AND HELD OFF THE INVADERS • HER SISTER WAS DUCHESS OF MILAN

  40. ARTEMISIA GENTILESCHI SELF-PORTRAIT ITALIAN ARTIST KNOWN FOR PICTURES OF STRONG WOMEN “SUSANNA AND THE ELDERS”

  41. “JUDITH AND THE MAIDENSERVANT” “JUDITH BEHEADING HOLOFERNES”

  42. VITTORIA COLONNA • 1490-1547 • ITALIAN NOBLEWOMAN • KNOWN FOR HER BEAUTIFUL POETRY • MICHELANGELO FELL IN LOVE WITH HER AND WROTE HER MANY SONNETS • SHE WAS WIDOWED WHEN HER HUSBAND DIED IN CAPTIVITY FROM HIS WOUNDS • VERY RELIGIOUS SKETCH BY MICHELANGELO

  43. SOFONISBA ANGUISSOLA • 1532-1625 • ITALIAN PAINTER • SHE AND HER SISTERS WERE ALL ENCOURAGED BY THEIR FATHER TO PAINT • SHE MET MICHELANGELO, WHO ALSO ENCOURAGED HER TALENT • FOCUSED ON PORTRAITS, BECAUSE GIRLS COULD NOT PAINT NUDES • WAS COURT PAINTER AND LADY-IN-WAITING IN SPAIN • MARRIED TWICE SELF-PORTRAIT

  44. “THE CHESS GAME” SELF-PORTRAIT

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