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FUNGI AND OTHER ORGANISMS (HUMAN)

MYCOLOGY (MIC 206). FUNGI AND OTHER ORGANISMS (HUMAN). PARASITIC FUNGI AND HUMAN. Mycoses: Any fungal disease. Tend to be chronic because fungi grow slowly. Mycoses are classified into the following categories ( based on the level of penetration into the body tissues):

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FUNGI AND OTHER ORGANISMS (HUMAN)

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  1. MYCOLOGY (MIC 206) FUNGI AND OTHER ORGANISMS (HUMAN)

  2. PARASITIC FUNGI AND HUMAN • Mycoses: Any fungal disease. Tend to be chronic because fungi grow slowly. • Mycoses are classified into the following categories (based on the level of penetration into the body tissues): • Systemic or deep mycoses, often fatal. • Cutaneous mycoses or dermatomycoses. • Subcutaneous mycoses. • Superficial mycoses. • Dimorphic systemic mycoses.

  3. SYSTEMIC MYCOSES

  4. Systemic mycoses • Fungal infections deep within the body. Can affect a number if tissues and organs. • Usually caused by fungi that live in the soil and are inhaled. • Examples: • Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum): Initial infection in lungs. Later spreads through blood to most organs. • Coccidiomycosis (Coccidioides immites): Resembles tuberculosis.

  5. Systemic Mycosis: Histoplasmosis Disseminated Histoplasma capsulatum, lung infection. Source: Microbiology Perspectives, 1999.

  6. CUTANEOUS MYCOSES

  7. Cutaneous mycoses • Cutaneous mycoses: Fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails. • Secrete keratinase, an enzyme that degrades keratin. • Infection is transmitted by direct contact or contact with infected hair (hair salon) or cells (nail files, shower floors). • Examples: • Ringworm (Tinea capitis and T. corporis) • Athlete’s foot (Tinea pedis) • Jock itch (Tinea cruris)

  8. Tinea pedis (feet)

  9. Cutaneous Mycosis Candida albicans infection of the nails. Source: Microbiology Perspectives, 1999. Ringworm skin infection: Tinea corporis Source: Microbiology Perspectives, 1999

  10. SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES

  11. Subcutaneous mycoses • Subcutaneous mycoses: Fungal infections beneath the skin. • Caused by saprophytic fungi that live in soil or on vegetation. • Infection occurs by implantation of spores or mycelial fragments into a skin wound. • Can spread to lymph vessels.

  12. Superficial mycoses • Superficial mycoses: Infections of hair shafts and superficial epidermal cells. Prevalent in tropical climates. 3 Genera of dermatophytes: • Trichophyton (Hair, Skin, Nails) • Microsporum (Skin, Hair) • Epidermophyton (Skin, Nails)

  13. Tinea capitis (scalp)

  14. Epidermophyton floccosum Bifurcated hyphae with multiple, smooth, club shaped macroconidia (2-4 cells)

  15. Dermatophyte Culture

  16. OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSES

  17. Opportunistic mycoses • Caused by organisms that are generally harmless unless individual has weakened defenses: • AIDS and cancer patients • Individuals treated with broad spectrum antibiotics • Very old or very young individuals (newborns). • Examples: • Aspergillosis: Inhalation of Aspergillus spores. • Yeast Infections or Candidiasis: Caused mainly by Candida albicans. Part of normal mouth, esophagus, and vaginal flora.

  18. DIMORPHIC SYSTEMIC MYCOSES

  19. Dimorphic Systemic Mycoses • Caused by dimorphic fungal pathogens (by changing their morphological form. • Geographically restricted and the primary sites of infection is usually pulmonary, inhalation of conidia. • Histoplasmosis: • World-wide, espceially USA, sporadic cases do occur in Australia. • Agent: Histoplasma capsulatum. • Coccidioidomycosis • Respiratory infections: Endemic in south-western USA, nothern mexico and various centres in South America. • Agent: Coccidioides immitis.

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