ICT Evolution and Standards

1. ICT Evolution and Standards Selected issues in IT IXDA

2. Agenda • Focus in Development • Global Industrial view • Microelectronics • Hardware Platforms • Software IXDA

3. Agenda • Focus in Development • Global Industrial view • Microelectronics • Hardware Platforms • Software IXDA

4. Focus in development • Mobility • Any to any interoperability • Importance of Directory systems and services • Importance of standards • Outsourcing and Open Source Software • Consumer Electronics • Volumes • Entertainment IXDA

5. “Application” areas • Domotica • Remotely controlled • Location based services • Especially “in-car” • Wearable computing • Privacy issues • Security IXDA

6. Human-Computer Interface • Intuitive and natural • Integration of many different technologies • Neural networks (?) • 3-D displays (?) IXDA

7. Agenda • Focus in Development • Global Industrial view • Microelectronics • Hardware Platforms • Software IXDA

8. Microelectronics • Key drivers: • More computer power • Smaller • Moore’s law still valid for 5-10 years • Specialised companies for high volumes • Number of transistors per chip increases from today’s 173 m to 1.3 b. In 2008 • Reaching physical limits • What’s next ? • Molecular computers • Biocomputers • Quantumcomputers IXDA

9. Agenda • Focus in Development • Global Industrial view • Microelectronics • Hardware Platforms • Software IXDA

10. Hardware platforms • Servers • Supercomputers, mainframes, multiprocessor systems • Clients • Workstations, pc’s, notebooks, thin clients, portable devices • Storage subsystems • Displays IXDA

11. Hardware platforms • TREND • Pervasive computing and communication allowing anytime – anywhere access to internet services • KEY DRIVERS • Mobility • Scalability • Availability IXDA

12. Servers • Re-centralisation of servers in “web-farms” and “web-centers” or “Internet Data Centers” • High-end servers (mainframes ?) • Lower cost per connected user • Different architectures IXDA

13. Server architectures IXDA

14. Server architectures Most common solution for scalability and fault tolerance IXDA

15. Supercomputers • Top = Massive Parallel Processing (MPP) and Vector Processing • Scientific and military applications • Data mining in commercial applications (very large data bases) • Third phase • Phase 1 = Cray 1 • Phase 2 = MPP and SMP • Phase 3 = Virtual Supercomputers IXDA

16. Supercomputers • All manufacturers • Number of processors: 64  ? (thousands) • Several operating systems • Cray, AIX, Solaris, ...  Linux • Computing power expressed in x-Flops • Tera-Flops  Peta-Flops • New memory architecture: cellular • Cel = processor + integrated memory • Faster access IXDA

17. Press release IXDA

18. 19th August 2002 IBM to build biggest German supercomputer  IBM and The Research Centre Juelich have signed a contract for the delivery and installation of a new IBM supercomputer at the Central Institute for Applied Mathematics (ZAM). The new supercomputer will be based on IBM POWER4 microprocessor technology and will achieve a peak performance of 5.8 TFLOPS. "The new supercomputer will make it possible to run models and simulations which could not be run within acceptable timeframes so far. Thus, the supercomputer will make a significant contribution to the solution of complex scientific problems" commented Dr. Ulla Thiel, Director of Scientific & Technical Computing, IBM Europe. IXDA

19. Client systems • Palm-top  High end multimedia workstations • Desktop + notebook still dominated by “Wintel”  Linux gaining ground ? • What about TV ? IXDA

20. Digital TV • Specifications by DVB Consortium • Standards by ETSI ... • Political drive • War of standards • DVB in Europe • ATSC in USA • ... In Japan IXDA

21. Digital TV • Next war : API (Application Programming Interface) • Proposal DVB-MHP (Multimedia Home Platform) as Open standard. • Competition from proprietary API’s (satellite and cable companies) • European Telecommunications Directives address issue IXDA

22. Press release IXDA

23. August 6th 2002 Microsoft to increase investment in iTV development Microsoft, the global computer software company, has announced that it is to significantly increase spending on research and development by 20 per cent to USD5.2bn (E5.3bn) in the current fiscal year. It is understood that one of the main investment areas that Microsoft will focus is on developing software for a wide range of electronic devices including mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) and interactive television (iTV) services. IXDA

24. August 6th 2002 Mr Gates reportedly affirmed the company's direction by highlighting the long-term approach that Microsoft is takingwhile he explained that the company was willing to take risks in its move to diversify its software strategy away from thePC and into other multimedia devices in the home. "Ten years ago I said interactive TV was important. Ten years later I still say it's important. How much money have we made? A big negative number," said Gates. IXDA

25. Digital Radio • Specifications from EUREKA 147, standards by ETSI • Standard promoted by WorldDAB • Competing standards: • DRM (?) • WorldSpace • Sirrius, XM IXDA

26. Press release IXDA

27. July 19th 2002 Kosmos TV to offer Internet acess through radio In September, Kosmos TV will begin to offer Internet access via radio to corporate clients using RadioEthernet technology. The service will be offered in partnership with the Russian Telecommunication Network, which owns the Rosnet trademark and the companies will be focussing on small businesses, in particular to those for whom organising a dedicated line is difficult. Kosmos TV has also plans for Internet access via Television, interactive services and MMDS, a wireless broadband technology for internet access, a project still in its beginning stages. IXDA

28. Storage Subsystems • Magnetic storage • Size: 5.25 “  3.5 “  1.8 “  1” • Converging to 3.5 “ • Density: 3.26 GB per square inch • Doubles every 18 months • Speed: 15.000 rpm (250 rps) • MTF: 130 years IXDA

29. Storage Subsystems • Magnetic storage • Different interfaces • SCSI, EIDI • Coming up .. USB2.0 • Storage over IP (SoIP) • Storage Area Network architecture • Fibre Channel protocol • Server farms  Disk farms IXDA

30. Storage Subsystems • Optical storage: • DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) • 4.7 GB per side • Competing standards • DVD +RW and DVD-R • DVD-RW IXDA

31. Storage Subsystems • The future: • New magnetic coatings increasing the density • 3 atoms thick layer ! • Multilayer coatings • 100 billion bits per square inch by 2003 ! • Magneto optics • Holographic optical storage • 125 GB on 2.25 inch removable disk • Blue laser IXDA

32. Displays • High resolution flat screens • Low power consumption • Readability • State of the art: 9.2 M-pixels, 22 inch, 16:10 aspect ratio • LCD and Plasma • Research on LEP (Polymers) and Organic Light Emitting Diodes IXDA

33. Agenda • Focus in Development • Global Industrial view • Microelectronics • Hardware Platforms • Software IXDA

34. Software • Trends • Operating Systems • Web technology • Applications • EIA IXDA

35. Software • Trends: • E-business Applications • Internet Centered systems • Robust systems (Reliable, Fault-tolerant, Secure, Evolvable, Maintainable en Cost Effective) • Mobility • Software “subscription” (as opposed to purchase or licensed). IXDA

36. Software trends lead to ... • Network service architectures = software components accessible by other components or applications over the network by suitable protocols • Network service therefore includes: • TCP/IP • Directory services • XML interface • SOAP, UDDI, WSDL .... IXDA

37. Operating Systems • Who will win ? • Windows • Linux • Mac OS • All major manufacturers include Linux in their products and offer concrete customer support. IXDA

38. Press release IXDA

39. 22nd August 2002 XBox online 3 months early with Linux Microsoft's XBox Live service has been pre-empted by a Linux-based web-server invented by a group of European programmers- The XBox Linux Project. Using a modification chip to allow the running of non-Microsoft encoded software, a version of the Linux core has been coded for theXBox. Potentially, the console may become a fully functional PC when the programmers add further software modifications. The project has come about because of programmers' penchant for Linux, which due to its open licencing, allows them to alter the software source code. IXDA

40. This is only the latest in a series of attempts to produce a functioning Linux for the console, but the first to show real results. With both the software and hardware in place, the XBox is operable over a local area network (LAN). The Project made it clear though, that its progress was not intended to benefit piracy in any way. No Microsoft privileged code is included, and none of the developers involved in the work are allowed to use the information from the software kit. IXDA

41. Operating Systems • First Microsoft OS for 64 bit processors is presented. • Supports up to 16 GB RAM and up to 8 TB virtual memory IXDA

42. Press release IXDA

43. July 20th 2002 Microsoft develops “Windows 1984” A new development, codename Palladium, will protect computers against virusses and spam. Also Internet shopping will become safe. It will stop illegal copied software and downloading MP3 files. Opponents consider Palladium to be a privacy threat (because the impossibility for anonymous surfing) and a potential Microsoft monopoly because software will have to respect new standards. IXDA

44. IBM, Intel and HP/Compaq, who together with Microsoft form the Trusted Computing Platform Alliance (TCPA) support this evolution. Intel and AMS already announced the development of chips usable with Palladium. Palladium can not be installed on existing computers. IXDA

45. Web Technologies: XML • W3C Standard • Data-base, operating system and device neutral language to describe the contents of data structures • Key role for Application to Application communication over Internet • DTD (document type definition) associated with document, included in prologue. • Typically developed by industry consortia • XSL (extensible style language) for stylesheets • XLL (extensible link language) to automate links between URL’s. • XML.ORG is cathalogue and future registry and repository of XML vocabularies. IXDA

46. Directory and discovery services • Naming, describing and finding information and resources while managing the relation between the resources. • Internet needs worldwide standards • LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) first attempt • IETF workgroup: Uniform Resource Names Working Group defines standard for persistent and unique digital resource identifier on the internet, and, standard for comprehensive and persistent resource discovery system (URN and URI) IXDA

47. Applications • New applications  Web based • Old applications  “wrapped” to make accessible from browser • Front-end applications accessed via Internet and Extranet • Back-end applications accessed via Intranet • Increasing critical role of Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) IXDA

48. Examples of Back- and Front-end applications DSS/BI CRM KM database LOB/process specific “Old legacy” E-commerce ERP SFA SCM Front-end Back-end IXDA

49. Key role of EAI WAP – HTTP -... Buy side Web server Front-end Data base Market- place ERP XML EAI External environment Legacy SOAP Back-end Internet TCP/IP IXDA

50. EIA • Ensure Interoperability of “internal applications” • XML for information coding • CORBA for application-to-application integration • SOAP for the next generation E-business Web services IXDA