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Roland Schindhelm and Eike Schmidt

Evaluation of the Tactile Detection Response Task (TDRT) in a laboratory test using a surrogate driving set-up . Roland Schindhelm and Eike Schmidt. Outline. Characteristics of the TDRT method Background, research questions Method, experimental design Results Conclusions.

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Roland Schindhelm and Eike Schmidt

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  1. Evaluation of the Tactile Detection Response Task (TDRT) in a laboratory test using a surrogate driving set-up Roland Schindhelm and Eike Schmidt

  2. Outline Schindhelm/Schmidt Characteristics of the TDRT method Background, research questions Method, experimental design Results Conclusions

  3. Characteristics of the TDRT Schindhelm/Schmidt TDRT is a method developed for the evaluation of information and control systems HMI (Engström et al., 2005). TDRT measures effects of secondary task load on driver attention. Main characteristics of the TDRT: Stimuli-response task Tactile stimuli presented by a vibrator fixed to the participants shoulder Stimulus duration 1 s, every 3 – 5 s Manual response by pressing a finger button

  4. Background Schindhelm/Schmidt • 1 tactile mode (TDRT) and 2 visual modes are included in the DRT method. • Standardization of DRT method in progress (ISO/CD 17488). • BASt is involved in coordinated international studies which aim at supporting the ISO Task Force in developing the DRT standard. • Main research questions are related to • the use of DRT in different driving set-ups • difference in results obtained with the three DRT modes • sensitivity and specifity of the DRT modes

  5. Research questions of the BASt study Selection of Research questions from presentations given by Engström and Young, Yokohama Meeting 2012 Schindhelm/Schmidt The BASt DRT study focuses on the Tactile DRT (TDRT). • To what extent is the TDRT sensitive to systematic manipulation of task load for different types of tasks? • How does the TDRT affect secondary task and primary task performance?

  6. Method of the BASt study Schindhelm/Schmidt Laboratory test performed in July/August 2013 • Subjects: 10 female, 12 male, age 19-64 (M=41.7), licensed drivers • Single-task and multiple-task scenarios derived from selected combinations of the following independent factors: • Type of primary task (visual, auditory tracking) • Type of secondary task (N-back Task, SuRT) • Task difficulty (easy, hard) • Use of TDRT (without, with) • Within-subject design • Order of task scenarios was counter-balanced across subjects • Duration per trial: 60 sec.

  7. Tasks, independent variables Easy Hard Schindhelm/Schmidt • Driving task surrogate as a primary task: Continuous Tracking Task (semi-static)Manual control of the cursor viasteering wheel • 2 modalities of feeding back tracking deviation(visual, auditory) • 2 difficulty levels (easy, hard)

  8. Tasks, independent variables Easy Easy Hard Hard 0-Back 1-Back Schindhelm/Schmidt • Secondary tasks: SuRT Visual search; manual control of the cursor via key pad • 2 difficulty levels (easy, hard) N-Back task Auditory stimuli; cognitiveprocessing;vocal response • 2 difficulty levels (easy, hard)

  9. Experimental set-up Schindhelm/Schmidt

  10. Dependent variables, indicators Schindhelm/Schmidt • TDRT: • mean response time • hit rate • Tracking task: • root mean square deviation • N-Back task: • percentage of correct answers • SuRT: • mean response time

  11. TDRT response time in different task scenarios n.s. p < .01 n.s. n.s. Schindhelm/Schmidt

  12. Effectof TDRT on primarytaskperformance: - Tracking deviation Schindhelm/Schmidt

  13. Effectof TDRT on secondarytaskperformance:- SuRTresponse time Schindhelm/Schmidt

  14. Effectof TDRT on secondarytaskperformance:- N-back percentageofcorrectanswers Schindhelm/Schmidt

  15. Conclusions/1 Schindhelm/Schmidt • Sensitivity in triple-task scenarios:“Primary T. + Secondary T. + TDRT” • Sensitivity of TDRT to different load levels of cognitive secondary tasks could be confirmed (N-Back easy vs. hard). • TDRT seems to be not sensitive to load levels of secondary tasks which primarily demand for visual-manual resources (SuRT easy vs. hard). • TDRT is sensitive to secondary task types which vary in type of resource demands (cognitive vs. perceptual-motor)

  16. Conclusions/2 Schindhelm/Schmidt • Sensitivity in dual-task scenarios: “Primary T.+ TDRT” • TDRT seems to be not sensitive to load levels of the surrogate driving task (bendiness of the tracking path). • TDRT is sensitive to primary task types which vary in cognitive resource demands (auditory-cognitive-motor vs. visual-motor demands of tracking task).

  17. Conclusions/3 Schindhelm/Schmidt • Intrusiveness: • There are indications of the TDRT’s intrusiveness on primary task performance (tracking deviation). • No clear picture for intrusiveness of TDRT on secondary task performance. Intrusiveness of TDRT seems to depend on type of secondary task: • No intrusion on N-Back performance • Intrusion on SuRT performance

  18. Conclusions/4 Schindhelm/Schmidt • Further research recommended: • Interference between TDRT and secondary/primary task due to motor task demands. • Intrusiveness of TDRT on primary task and secondary task performance: • Comparative studies on degraded vs. normal task performance. • Limitations of applicability of TDRT (e.g. in on-road tests). • Sensitivity of TDRT to load levels of other secondary task types (generic tasks; real tasks)

  19. Thank you for your attention! Schindhelm/Schmidt European Conference on Human Centred Design for ITS, June 2014, Vienna 19

  20. Back up Schindhelm/Schmidt

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