Predicting new double-stack operations in a naturally ventilated tunnel

1. Predicting new double-stack operations in a naturally ventilated tunnel Sample Presented by: Justin Edenbaum Co-author: Not listed

2. What is a long tunnel for a train length of 1.6 km (1 mile) ? Longer than 8 km (5 miles)? Longer than 3.2 km (2 miles)? Longer than 1.6 km (1 miles)? Longer than 0.8 km (0.5 miles)?

3. Train length • Technology enables longer, heavier trains • Locomotives more powerful, sophisticated • Simulations and institutional knowledge • Simulations optimized for surface operations

4. What about Tunnels? Simulations do not account for tunnels Naturally ventilated tunnels Transient problem Will my new operations get through the tunnel?

5. Agenda • What is a long tunnel? • Naturally ventilated tunnels • Locomotive performance • Relative airflow • Piston effect • Train performance • Notched tunnel • Relative analysis • Results • Conclusions

6. Naturally ventilated tunnels • Diesel locomotives operations outside

7. Naturally ventilated tunnels

8. Naturally ventilated tunnels

9. Naturally ventilated tunnels Train performance in tunnel

10. Agenda • What is a long tunnel? • Naturally ventilated tunnels • Notched tunnel • Sample tunnel • Double-stack operations • Relative analysis • Results • Conclusions

11. Notched tunnel California Nevada • Sample Tunnel • Location • 3,460 meters long (~2 miles) • 1.65% uphill grade East to West

12. Notched tunnel • Double stack operations • Notch roof

13. Notched tunnel

14. Agenda • What is a long tunnel? • Naturally ventilated tunnels • Notched tunnel • Relative analysis • Current vs. future operations • Ventilation model • Model inputs • Results • Conclusions

15. Relative analysis • Worse-case, grain train • Length ~2km (1.2 miles) • Lead, mid, end consist (3x3x1) • Minimum entering speed 19.3 kph (12mph)

16. Relative analysis • Double stack, design case • Length ~4km (2.5 mile) • Lead, mid consist • Simulated speed 24 km (15 mph)