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GNVQ Foundation Unit C

Bits & Bytes. GNVQ Foundation Unit C. About This Lecture: You will learn about bits & bytes You will learn about typical storage capacities of storage devices such as floppy disks and hard drives You need to understand what RAM capacity is measured in

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GNVQ Foundation Unit C

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  1. Bits & Bytes GNVQ Foundation Unit C Unit C-Hardware & Software

  2. About This Lecture: • You will learn about bits & bytes • You will learn about typical storage capacities of storage devices such as floppy disks and hard drives • You need to understand what RAM capacity is measured in • You need to know about CPU makes and how we measure CPU speed. What you Need to Learn: What a bit is What a byte is Range of RAM capacity Floppy disk capacity Range of hard disk capacity Common CPU makes Typical CPU speeds

  3. Binary Digits - Bits • Computers store Digital Data • Example • (the letter A would be stored as 01000001) • (the letter B would be stored as 01000010) • What does the following mean 01001000 01000101 01001100 01001100 01001111

  4. Binary Binary Binary CHR CHR CHR 01000001 01010111 01001100 L A W 01000010 01001101 01011011 X B M 01011001 01000011 01001110 C N Y 01011010 01000100 01001111 D Z O 01010000 01000101 E P 01010001 01000110 Q F 01010010 01000111 R G 01001000 01010011 H S 01010100 01001001 T I 01010101 01001010 U J 01010110 01001011 V K Binary Digits - Bits • We can work out the meaning of… 01001000 01000101 01001100 01001100 01001111 • from the table

  5. Binary Binary Binary CHR CHR CHR 01000001 01010111 01001100 A W L 01001101 01011011 01000010 X M B 01001110 01011001 01000011 Y N C 01011010 01000100 01001111 O D Z 01010000 01000101 P E 01000110 01010001 F Q 01000111 01010010 R G 01010011 01001000 S H 01010100 01001001 T I 01001010 01010101 U J 01010110 01001011 V K Binary Digits - Bits • What is the meaning of… 01000111 01001111 01001111 01000100 01000010 01011001 01000101

  6. Binary Digits - Bits 01001000 01000101 01001100 01001100 01001111 • Imagine RAM memory cells • Each cell has 8 capacitors that can be • charged (1) • Not charged (0) • so starting from the top memory cell and reading down. This set of memory cells says….?

  7. Bytes • 8 bits equals 1 byte • How many bytes are shown in the diagram?

  8. Data Size • Terms used to describe the size of data or storage capacity • Bit (binary digit-smallest data item) • Byte (8 bits) • Kilobyte (1024 bytes or 210 ) • Megabyte (1,048,576 bytes or 1024 kilobytes or 220 ) • Gigabyte (1,073,741,824 bytes or 1024 megabytes or 230 ) • Terabyte (~1,099,000,000,000 or 1024 gigabytes or 240 )

  9. Floppy Disk Capacity • Floppy disks store data on magnetically on a circular magnetic disk • 1.44MB storage capacity • That’s 1.44 million bytes. • Imagine 1.44 million letter A’s

  10. Hard Disk Capacity • Hard disk capacity varies Disk capacity for an old 486 computer • 512MB storage capacity About 350 floppies Typical disk capacity for a newer Pentium II • 8GB storage capacity About 5700 floppies Typical disk capacity for a new Pentium 4 • 80GB storage capacity About 57,000 floppies

  11. RAM Capacity • RAM capacity varies • 32MB RAM In an old 486 computer • 128 MB RAM In a newer Pentium II • 512MB to 1.5GB RAM In a new Pentium 4

  12. CPU Makes

  13. CPU Speeds

  14. CPU Speeds Hertz means cycles per second So, 50MHz means 50 million cycles per second • CPU speeds vary • 50MHZ In an old 486 computer • 500MHZ In a newer Pentium II • 2200MHZ or 2.2GHZ In a new Pentium 4

  15. The End

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