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Magnetism in the Universe

Unravel the captivating history and fascination with magnetism, from ancient Mesopotamia to modern unifications in electricity and magnetism. This lecture will delve into the foundational principles and key figures shaping our understanding of the magnetic universe.

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Magnetism in the Universe

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  1. Barringer Invitational Lecture Magnetism in the Universe A.P. Guimarães Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas Rio de Janeiro, Brazil http://www.cbpf.br/~labmag/

  2. Why the Fascination of Magnetism?

  3. “A wonder of such nature I experienced as a child of 4 or 5 years, when my father showed me a compass.” A. Einstein, Autobiographical Notes, in Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist, vol. I, Ed. P.A. Schilpp, Cambridge University Press, London, 1969, p. 9.

  4. The Sources of Magnetism • Electric currents generate magnetic fields • Magnetism of matter arises from atomic currents and the electron spin

  5. 1. History of magnetism

  6. For How Long have Magnetic Phenomena been Known? • ????? • List of commodities in Mesopotamia, including magnetite, described as šadânu sabitu (‘hematite that grasps’) (2000-1500 BC)

  7. Epistola de Magnete (1269) Petrus Peregrinus (?1220) • Peregrinus served in the army of Charles d’Anjou(Charles I)(1226-1285), probably as an engineer • Siege of Lucera, in Italy

  8. Epistola de Magnete (1269) Petrus Peregrinus • Identified and gave names to the poles • Attraction and repulsion • Magnetization of iron by contact • Described ‘wet’ and ‘dry’ compasses • Loadstone connected to the heavens (‘virtuscoeli’)

  9. De Magnete (1600) • Importance of magnetism at the time • Sum of existing knowledge on magnetism • Experimental observations with the loadstone • One of the first scientific treatises

  10. William Gilbert (1544-1603) Elizabeth I (1558-1603) Terrella Gilbert

  11. Magnus magnes ipse est globus terrestris… • The Earth is a great magnet...

  12. Electricity and Magnetism, the Unification: Oersted and Ampère • Ampère:magnetic bodies and electric currents • The experiment of Oersted(1820)

  13. Electricity and Magnetism, the Unification: Michael Faraday(1791-1867) • Discovery of induction • Types of substances (diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic) • Field lines • The concept of field

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