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Earth’s Layers

Explore the layers of the Earth - crust, mantle, and core - each with distinct properties and composition. Dive into the lithosphere, convecting mantle, and metallic core, understanding their roles in shaping our planet. Uncover the mysteries beneath the surface of our world.

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Earth’s Layers

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  1. Earth’s Layers Standard: 2 Describe the layers of the earth, including the lithosphere, the hot convecting mantle, and the dense metallic core.

  2. Earth is divided into 3 basic layers: 1. Crust 2. Mantle 3. Core These layers are then subdivided into smaller layers.

  3. CRUST: • Is the outermost layer on the earth. • (EGG SHELL) • Thickness varies. Under mountains it can be as thick as 60 km and less than 5 km under the ocean. • It is the least dense of all the layers. (lightest layer) • It is made up of silicon and oxygen.

  4. 2 TYPES OF CRUST: • Oceanic crust is very dense, made of Basalt. • Continental crust is less dense, made of Granite.

  5. GRANITE BASALT

  6. MANTLE: • Located below the crust. (Egg White) • It is the largest layer (about 2900 km thick). Rock layers are movable. (plastic) • Hot soften rocks made up of more magnesium and iron. • Density increases with depth due to increase in pressure.

  7. MANTLE: Divided into 2 parts • Upper mantle • Lower mantle. • This is where convection takes place. This is what causes the plates to move.

  8. CORE: (Egg Yolk) • Located below the Mantle. • It is divided into 2 layers • Outer Core • Inner Core

  9. Outer Core: • is liquid and is made up of mostly iron(easily magnetized) • The movement of materials in the liquid O.C. is inferred to be the cause of Earth’s magnetic field!(highlight in your notes) • The O.C. is about 2250 km thick.

  10. Inner Core: • Is the center of the Earth – 1200 km thick. • It’s solidiron and nickel. Most dense layer (heaviest) (highlight in notes) • The increased pressure causes the I.C. to be solid

  11. Don’t forget to Include the • HYDROSPHERE – water (ocean and fresh) • 7 miles deep • ATMOSPHERE – AIR • 620 miles thick • 78% nitrogen • 21% Oxygen • 1% argon

  12. Look at the sub-layers of the mantle • LITHOSPHERE: • This is the “crunchy” layer of the Earth. • It includes the crust and the very uppermost part of the upper Mantle • ASTHENOSPHERE: • Soft – can bend like plastic, layer in the upper portion of the mantle • It is located right below the Lithosphere. • Lithosphere floats on this layer (like jello)

  13. Lithosphere Asthenosphere CRUST MANTLE OUTER CORE INNER CORE

  14. In your notes lets draw together a diagram of the Earth. CRUST MANTLE OUTER CORE INNER CORE

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