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II. Two China’s and the Cold War

II. Two China’s and the Cold War. A. 1945—Nationalists and Communists resumed their civil war. 1. 1949—Mao took over the country and proclaimed it the People’s Republic of China 2. Jiang and other Nationalists fled to Taiwan to form a rival Nationalist government

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II. Two China’s and the Cold War

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  1. II. Two China’s and the Cold War

  2. A. 1945—Nationalists and Communists resumed their civil war 1. 1949—Mao took over the country and proclaimed it the People’s Republic of China 2. Jiang and other Nationalists fled to Taiwan to form a rival Nationalist government 3. The US supported Jiang’s govt. 4. The Soviets supported Mao’s govt.

  3. B. China expanded under Mao 1. 1950’s-China expanded into Mongolia, Tibet, and India 2. Tibet unsuccessfully revolted in 1959—the Dalai Lama fled to India

  4. C. Mao’s “Mandate of Heaven” 1. The First Five Year Plan 1953-1957 a. Increased industrial output b. Forced the peasants to join collective farms

  5. 2. The Great Leap Forward 1958-1962 a. Larger collective farms called communes b. The peasants lived and worked together but owned nothing—only the state profited c. 1958-61—20 million people died from famine d. Mao lost influence e. “great leap backward”

  6. 3. China splits with the USSR over the leadership of world communism 4. The Cultural Revolution 1966-1976 a. the goal was to establish a society of peasants and workers where all were equal b. Mao regained influence by backing radicals c. the hero was the peasant who worked with his hands—the life of the mind was considered useless and dangerous d. exiled intellectuals had to be “purified” through hard labor—thousands were executed or died in prison

  7. III. China follows its own path

  8. A. Mao was followed by the moderate Zhou Enlai • 1. In 1971 he invited a table tennis team to tour China (Forest Gump) • 2. 1972 President Nixon visited China

  9. B. In 1980 Deng Xiaoping became the leader of China • 1. Four Modernizations • a. agriculture • b. industry • c. technology • d. defense • 2. China became more prosperous and open using capitalist ideas

  10. C. “If you open the window, some flies naturally get in.” 1. 1989—Tiananmen Square a. Students protested for democracy b. Deng cracks down—June 1989 Deng sends troops into the square—hundreds killed

  11. 2. Deng died in 1997---Jiang Zemin took over China a. the government continued to repress democracy movements b. in 1997 Jiang visited the US 3. On July 1 1997 Great Britain handed over Hong Kong to China 4. The current president of China is Hu Jintao 5 Current Human Rights situation in China---see handout

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