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Well Water in Angkor Chum Health and Practicality

Well Water in Angkor Chum Health and Practicality. Five Villages – Five Chiefs – One Flood. Empowering people to help themselves with what they already have. Gratitude.

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Well Water in Angkor Chum Health and Practicality

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  1. Well Water in Angkor ChumHealth and Practicality Five Villages – Five Chiefs – One Flood Empowering people to help themselves with what they already have . . . www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  2. Gratitude Many thanks to the generous people ofPLAN-Cambodia and WTOoffering guidance, transportation, translation, housingand friendship www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  3. Where were the wells? • Angkor Chum District, Siem Reap Province • Five villages, an NGO office and PP restaurant • 12 wells tested • Tested in July 2011 www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  4. Inexpensive water testing • $2 per test - plus shipping • No incubator requiredbut it will take 48 instead of 24 hours www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  5. How much is too much? • A CFU is a colony forming unit • Almost all health standards in the world say E-coli, fecal coliforms and Salmonella should be 0 CFU per 100 ml • The WHO recognizes that is difficult to attain in developing countries WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality – Second EditionVolume 3, Surveillance and control of community supplies www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  6. What’s an E-coli • Almost all health standards in the world sayE-coli, fecal coliforms and Salmonella shouldbe 0 CFU per 100 ml • E-coli (from Theodor Escherich, 1885) is important as an indicator bacteria • Infectious dose is 20 to 108 depending on type • Most common cause of pediatric Urinary Tract Infectionshttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/969643-overview • Remember – e-coli is an indicator of probability that other infectious bacteria are present 2 to 3 micros long and 0.5 wide www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  7. What’s Salmonella? • Health standards in the world = 0 CFU/100ml • One form causes typhoid • Diarrhea, fever, vomiting, stomach crampsHeadache • Infectious dose is 15 to 20 cellsUS Food and Drug Administration • Infectious dose is lower for children 2 to 5 micros long and 1 wide www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  8. What’s Aeromonas? • Most water standards do notinclude Aeromonas • Most cases of aeromonas related pneumonia are found in the 16,000 to 160,000 neardrownings in the USA each year • Respiratory illness, skin and soft tissue infections, fever, vomiting, stomach cramps, headache, eye infections, (not so much diarrhea) • Infectious dose ? • Infectious dose is lower for children 1 to 3 micros long and 0.7 wide www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  9. Non-sealed, hand-dug or bore-holewells less than 25m deep offer aconvenient water supply – not safety. • Contaminated water is always present • Hand Dug Wells (HDW) are shallow, 3m -5m • We all know to put a latrine 20m from a drinking water well.The same holds true to put it 20m from a paddy or otherpuddle of water. www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  10. Chief Lek Hat of Svay Chhum • 130 Families • Village wells were not tested • After the flood, villagers bailed out thewells and started using the water • There was little increase in diarrhea • Many people in the village, including the Chief, got a sickness after the flood that included high temperature, vomiting, dizziness, headache, and sleepiness. The illness lasted about two weeks. www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  11. Chief Huon Oeum of Tumroab • 133 Families • All wells tested were contaminated in July • Water levels in HDW = paddy water level • The village wells did not flood www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  12. Chief Rein Satuon of Koak Kroul • 136 Families • All wells tested were contaminated in July • All village wells were flooded • After the flood, villagers bailed out thewells and started using the water • The Chiefs brother gottyphoid fever after theflood • The chief’s ceramic filterremoved all bacteria wetested for www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  13. Chief Khat Khoan of Romiet • 74 Families • All wells tested were contaminated in July • 14 village wells flooded • After the flood they started using the well waterwithout emptying or decontaminating • There were outbreaks of fever and diarrhea for two-weeks after the flood www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  14. Chief Mao Mang of Chumpung • 101 Families • All wells tested were contaminated in July • Not much flood damage or health problems • No wells were flooded www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  15. Along the road and an NGO • Both wells tested were contaminated in July • Water levels in HDW = paddy water level www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  16. The “Take Away” on health effects • Ask health Department to present bi-annual WASH related illnessdata during WATSAN meetings. This information would be powerful for targeting, monitoring and independent evaluation. • By District every six months starting next year • By Commune, every six months, starting in 2017 • Ask Health Department to investigate whether aeromonas is a major cause of respiratory disease in Cambodian children less than 5. • Might explain high incidents of acute respiratory illness (5 to 10 times more prevalent than diarrhea). • Might shift WASH sector to putting more resources toward HWT www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  17. The “Take-Away” on wells • All hand-dug wells should be considered contaminated unless proven otherwise. • Wells should be tested in August, September, or October (wettest season) • New well installation programs should include household water treating training and efforts to make HWT devices available . • Alert the villagers to the hazards of thinking the well water is clean • Coordinate with NGOs to offer HWT products • Tell villagers to boil or use SODIS or pasteurization if they can not afford a HWT device • We all know to put a latrine 20m from a drinking water well.The same holds true to put a drinking water well 20m from a paddy or otherpuddle of water – especially if it leaks! • Continue to dig HDWs in Cambodia, but synergistically concentrate on HWT until we can afford deep-well (minimum 20m deep) sealed bore holes everywhere or centralized water distribution systems that work. www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  18. Thank you and good luck. www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  19. Well Water in Angkor Chum Empowering people to help themselves with what they already have . . . Five Villages – Five Chiefs – One Flood www.naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org mark@naturehealingnature.org 016-685-915 +1 832-423-8425 Houston, Texas

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