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Well Water in Angkor Chum Health and Practicality

Well Water in Angkor Chum Health and Practicality. Five Villages – Five Chiefs – One 2011 Flood. Empowering people to help themselves with what they already have . . . . Gratitude.

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Well Water in Angkor Chum Health and Practicality

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  1. Well Water in Angkor ChumHealth and Practicality Five Villages – Five Chiefs – One 2011 Flood Empowering people to help themselves with what they already have . . . www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  2. Gratitude Many thanks to the generous people ofPLAN-Cambodia and the World Toilet Organizationoffering guidance, transportation, translation, housingand friendship www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  3. Where were the wells? • Angkor Chum District, Siem Reap Province • Five villages, an NGO office and a Phnom Penh restaurant • 12 wells tested were tested in thesevillages in July of 2011. We revisitedthe villages after the October floodsto ask how their wells and healthwere effected by the floods. www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  4. Inexpensive water testing • We used Easy-Gel @ $2 per test • We tested for E-coli, Salmonella, and Aeromonas • No incubator is required but good results may take36 hours instead of 24 if the air temp. is less than 27C All samples were testedwithin 2 hours of being drawn www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  5. How much bacteria is too much? • A CFU is a colony forming unit • Almost all health standards in the world say E-coli, fecal coliforms and Salmonella should be 0 CFU per 100 ml • The WHO recognizes that is difficult to attain in developing countries WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality – Second EditionVolume 3, Surveillance and control of community supplies www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  6. What’s an E-coli • Almost all health standards in the world sayE-coli, fecal coliforms and Salmonella shouldbe 0 CFU per 100 ml • E-coli (from Theodor Escherich, 1885) is important as an indicator bacteria • Infectious dose is 20 to 108 depending on type • It is the most common cause of pediatric Urinary Tract Infectionshttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/969643-overview • Remember – E-coli is an indicator of probability that other infectious bacteria are present 2 to 3 micros long and 0.5 wide www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  7. What is Salmonella? • Health standards in the world = 0 CFU/100ml • One form causes typhoid • Causes diarrhea, fever, vomiting, stomachcramps headache • Infectious dose is only 15 to 20 cellsUS Food and Drug Administration • Infectious dose is lower for children 2 to 5 micros long and 1 wide www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  8. What’s Aeromonas? • Most water standards do notinclude Aeromonas • Most cases of aeromonas related pneumonia are found in the 16,000 to 160,000 neardrownings in the USA each year • Causes respiratory illness, skin and soft tissue infections, fever, vomiting, stomach cramps, headache, eye infections, (not so much diarrhea) • Infectious dose is not established, but may be >108 (Morgan et al., 1985) • Infectious dose will be lower for children 1 to 3 micros long and 0.7 wide We at NHN are curious if Aeromonas might contribute to child respiratory disease during the rainy season when children are swimming in ditches and breathing water aerosols. www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  9. Non-sealed, hand-dug or bore-hole wells less than 25m deep offer a convenient water supply, BUT NOT a safe drinking water supply. • Contaminated surface water is always present • We know to build a latrine 20m from a drinking water well,but the same holds true to put it 20m from a rice paddy or othercontaminated puddle of water. Diagrams indicate how external contaminated water gets into wells(They are also contaminated via using dirty ropes and buckets) www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  10. Chief Lek Hat of Svay Chhum • 130 families live in his village • Village wells were not tested in July of 2011 • After the October floods, the villagers simply bailedout the wells and started using the water • He says there was little increase in diarrhea • Many people in the village, including the Chief, got a sickness after the flood that included high temperature, vomiting, dizziness, headache, and sleepiness, but little diarrhea. The illness lasted about two weeks. www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  11. Chief Huon Oeum of Tumroab • 133 families live in his village • All wells tested in July of 2011 were contaminated • Though the village wells did not flood, the water level intheir hand-dug-wells was equal to the adjacent rice paddywater level indicating almost certain contamination www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  12. Chief Rein Satuon of Koak Kroul • 136 families live in his village • All wells tested in July 2011 were contaminated • All village wells were flooded in October 2011 • After the flood, villagers bailed out thewells and started using the water • The Chief’s brother gottyphoid fever after theflood • The chief’s ceramic filterremoved all of the bacteriawe tested for www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  13. Chief Khat Khoan of Romiet • 74 families live in his village • All wells tested in July 2011 were contaminated • 14 village wells flooded in October • After the flood they started using the well waterwithout emptying or decontaminating • There were outbreaks of fever and diarrhea for two-weeks after the flood www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  14. Chief Mao Mang of Chumpung • 101 families live in his village • All wells tested in July 2011 were contaminated • Not much flood damage or health problems • No wells were flooded in October www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  15. Along the road and an NGO • Both wells tested in July were contaminated • Water levels in the hand dug wells (HDW) wasequal to the level of water inthe adjacent rice paddiesless than 2 meters form thewells. This is a near certainindicator of crosscontamination. www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  16. The “Take Away” on health effects • Ask health Department to present bi-annual WASH related illnessdata during WATSAN meetings. This information would be powerful for targeting, monitoring and independent evaluation of illness cusing agents. • By District every six months starting next year • By Commune, every six months, starting in 2017 • Ask Health Department to investigate whether aeromonas is a major cause of respiratory disease in Cambodian children less than 5. • Might explain high incidents of acute respiratory illness (5 to 10 times more prevalent than diarrhea). • Might shift WASH sector to putting more resources toward Household Water Treatment (HWT) www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  17. The “Take-Away” on wells • All hand-dug wells should be considered contaminated unless proven otherwise. • Wells should be tested in August, September, or October (wettest season) • New well installation programs should include household water treating training and efforts to make HWT devices available . • Alert the villagers to the hazards of thinking the new-well water is clean • Coordinate with NGOs to make HWT products accessible • Tell villagers to boil or use SODIS or pasteurization if they can not afford a HWT device • We all know to put a latrine 20m from a drinking water well. The he same holds true to put a drinking water well 20m from a paddy or other puddle of water. • Continue to dig HDWs in Cambodia, but synergistically concentrate on Household Water Treatment until we can afford deep-well (minimum 20m deep) sealed bore holes everywhere or centralized water distribution systems that work. www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  18. Thank you and good luck. www.naturehealingnature.org mark@naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org 016-685-915 & +1 832-423-8425

  19. Well Water in Angkor Chum Empowering people to help themselves with what they already have . . . Five Villages – Five Chiefs – One Flood www.naturehealingnature.org www.thecenterforrainwaterharvesting.org mark@naturehealingnature.org 016-685-915 +1 832-423-8425 Houston, Texas

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