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Life Science Introduction

Life Science Introduction. What is Science?. Life Science. Earth science. Physical Science. Life Science Branches. Scientific Method. A series of organized steps used to solve a problem. State the Problem. Usually formed when an observation is made that cannot be explained

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Life Science Introduction

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  1. Life Science Introduction What is Science?

  2. Life Science Earth science Physical Science

  3. Life Science Branches

  4. Scientific Method • A series of organized steps used to solve a problem

  5. State the Problem • Usually formed when an observation is made that cannot be explained •  It is important to clearly state what your problem is to avoid any confusion later in the scientific method.

  6. Research your Problem • Project research is collecting information from reliable sources. • Research must be conducted so a valid hypothesis can be written

  7. Writing a Hypothesis • A hypothesis is an explanation that can be tested • It is written: (variable is something that can change) • If (independent variable), then (dependent variable). • Independent variable is the variable that is changed and tested in the experiment. It is also called the manipulated variable. • The dependent variable depends on the independent variable. It is also called the responding variable.

  8. Testing the Hypothesis with and Experiment • Test the hypothesis using controlled conditions • It is a step by step procedure that can be easily followed by others. • All conditions must be constant except the independent variable. (only one can be tested) • Many experiments contain a control which is the standard to which the outcome of a test is compared. • Repeated trials guarantee valid results

  9. Analyze the Data • The data is collected and placed in a data table for easy viewing. • Data is best graphed so the results can easily be seen. Trends in the data can be seen.

  10. Types of Graphs • Line graph shows change over time • Circle graph uses percentages of a whole • A bar graph is used when the data is not connected

  11. Conclusion • A conclusion is a logical explanation to a question based on data and observations • It will state whether the hypothesis is correct or not • A conclusion can also state problems or suggestions for further testing

  12. How does the amount of water effect plant growth? • Research: Does the amount of food given to a certain plant effect the growth of that plant? • Hypothesis: If the plant is watered with 1 liter once a week it will grow the tallest. • Experiment: 9 plants total3 tested with low amount of water3 tested with the recommended amount of water (control group)3 tested with too much water.

  13. Variables • Independent variable: amount of water • Dependent variable: growth of the plants • Constants; same sized plants, same sized pots, same soil, same amount of sunlight • Control: the usual amount of water a plant needs

  14. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TC3WIh0JDs8&feature=related Analyze the Data • The data is placed in a data table and then graphed. • What kind of graph? • Conclusion: Was your hypothesis right or wrong?  It is OK to be wrong.  The objective of the scientific method is to investigate a problem and work toward a solution.  Even if you have disproved your hypothesis you have still done a good job if you correctly applied the scientific method.

  15. Models and Simulations • Models can be used when what is being studied is either too big or too small to be easily seen. • Simulations are used when the “real thing” is not available.

  16. Classification System

  17. Safety in the Lab

  18. SI units of Measurements • Based on the number 10 • Easy to read and understand • Almost every country in the world uses it except United States!

  19. Length or Distance • Length: the unit is meter • A metric ruler or meter stick is used

  20. Mass and Weight • Mass is measured in grams, it is the amount of matter in an object Measured with a triple beam balance or electronic balances Weight is measured in newtons, it is the amount of gravity that pushes down on an object measured with a spring scale

  21. Volume • Volume is measured in liters, cubic centimeters • Measured with graduated cylinders

  22. Density • Density is the amount of matter in a given space, it never changes. • Density is mass divided by volume • Time is measured in seconds or hours • Temperature is measured in degrees Celsius • Probeware can be used to collect data

  23. Tools used by scientists

  24. Periodic Table • Elements of life include hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen.

  25. Microscope

  26. Microscope • Fill in your diagram with labels and explanations. • Remember that if you do not gently lower the object near the slide, you can crack the slide and damage the microscope. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Swcz_TJMz0I&feature=plcp

  27. Any questions? • It’s alive!!!

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