Unit 2 Notes SS6H7 The student will explain conflict and change in Europe to the 21 st century

1. The Treaty of Versailles Unit 2 Notes SS6H7 The student will explain conflict and change in Europe to the 21st century a. Describe major developments following World War I: the Russian Revolution, the Treaty of Versailles, worldwide depression, and the rise of Nazism

2. Discuss the question with your group: • What was World War I?

3. The World After WWI • World War I had a profound effect on world history • Europe suffered terrible destruction • Nearly 22 million soldiers and civilians died • The results of this conflict ultimately led to economic crises, radical changes in government, and a decline in the power of many European countries.

4. In November 1918 Germany surrenders to the Allied countries. The most powerful ones, being France, USA and Britain, wanted to create a treaty that punished Germany for starting WWI. BUT WHAT SHOULD THEY DO? PUNISH? REVENGE! REBUILD? TAKE OVER?

5. Allied countries could not agree on what the treaty should include, but... • They could agree on where it should take place: A French palace in a city called Versailles (near Paris, France) • In 1919, leaders from countries involved in the war met here to write a treaty • Treaty outlined the terms of the winners and what they expected of the losing country

7. “SIGN THE TREATY OR WE WILL INVADE YOU……ITS YOUR CHOICE!” FRANCE USA BRITAIN The treaty was dictated to Germany-- they did not have a say in it.

8. WAR GUILT Germany had to accept the blame for starting the war PAY REPARATIONS Germany had to pay $33 billion dollars. What did the Treaty of Versailles do? Disarm Germany’s Military The Army was cut to just 100,000 men, the Navy could only have 6 battleships, and they were not allowed to build any new planes, tanks, or submarines. GERMAN LAND GIVEN AWAY Germany had to give up its colonies and a bunch of land

9. Land taken away from Germany under the treaty of Versailles Not only did Germany lose about 10% of its land, it also consequently lost 10% of its population. German people were now living in foreign countries.

10. Excerpt from a German newspaper on the day the treaty was signed... “Today in the Hall of Mirrors of Versailles the disgraceful Treaty is being signed. Do not forget it. The German people will press forward to reconquer the place among nations to which we deserve. Then will come revenge for the shame of 1919.”

11. Germany was a proud country due to its military strength and strong traditions of dominance within that area of Europe. However, the treaty of Versailles created different feelings: Humiliation Embarrassment Bitterness Revenge

12. The war had left Germany almost bankrupt. As its people starved and the country lay in chaos, the Allies gave them a bill (Treaty of Versailles) that they simply could not afford to pay... German money was only good for starting fires…

13. The Treaty of Versailles caused Germany to go through a depression • a time when businesses and people lost a lot of money

14. Worldwide Depression Germany wasn’t the only country who suffered In the 1930s, countries around the world fell into a worldwide economic depression WHY?... BrainPop – Causes of the Great Depression

15. People who could not find jobs joined the Communist and National Socialist parties. • The National Socialist Party’s leader, Adolf Hitler, was gaining more and more power

16. The Treaty of Versailles • They were also mad because the treaty said that Germany alone caused WWI. • Many Germans wanted revenge

17. Nazi Party • As more and more Germans became poor and angry, more and more began joining the National Socialist Party. • Before long, the party is very large and it’s leader, Adolph Hitler becomes very powerful. • They also change the name of the party to the Nazi Party

18. We Will See Hitler Again…

19. The Debt is Paid • In September 2010, Germany made the last reparation payment owed as a result of the Treaty of Versailles • Listen to the National Public Radio story that reported the event • http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=130232809

20. Your Task • 1. List four restrictions that the Treaty of Versailles put on Germany • 2. How did Germans feel about this treaty? • 3. Using the Y-chart, select one of the major participants in WWI (Great Britain, Germany, the United States, Italy, or Russia) and organize your arguments about how the terms of the treaty should benefit your country

21. Your Task • You have the opportunity to interview someone who lived through the Great Depression. Write at least 5 question you would ask to find out what life was like during that time. 2. Compare and contrast the Great Depression with the “Great Recession” that began in 2008. Use a thinking map.

22. Credits • Modified from a presentation originally retrieved from www.Slideshare.net • http://www.brainpop.com • http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=130232809 • Georgia Experience, Carole Marsh/Gallopade International, www.gallopade.com