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Registries and Registrars

Registries and Registrars. Dr Bruce Tonkin Chief Technology Officer Melbourne IT Ltd 3 March 03. Outline. Overview of domain name structure related to .com.au Approaches for trialling Enum. Melbourne IT. Provided .com.au services since 1996

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Registries and Registrars

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  1. Registries and Registrars Dr Bruce Tonkin Chief Technology Officer Melbourne IT Ltd 3 March 03

  2. Outline • Overview of domain name structure related to .com.au • Approaches for trialling Enum

  3. Melbourne IT • Provided .com.au services since 1996 • Appointed as one of first 5 registrars for .com in 1999 • Currently provide domain name registration services for most of the major domain name registries in the world

  4. .com.au • Find information about an Australian business on the Internet • In simple terms translates a business name to an Internet location • Opt-in approach – although could have created an entry for all companies listed in ASIC or business names in state based business name registries

  5. .com.au DNS structure • .au nameserver has an entry that tells you where to find the .com.au nameserver (which itself is a domain name that needs to be resolved) • .com.au nameserver has an entry for melbourneit.com.au that tells you the identity of the computer that can tell you more (ns1.melbourneit.com.au) • ns1.melbourneit.com.au nameserver contains the actual details of melbourneit.com.au (ie it can be found at IP address 203.27.227.111)

  6. Registry operator • There is a registry operator for .com.au • It maintains a database of the entries in .com.au and also details about the registrar responsible for the entry and the contact details for the registrant • Provides a DNS nameserver service for .com.au (used by computers) • Provides a WHOIS directory to identify the registrant for each entry in the database (used by humans) • Provide a high reliability service (99.9 – 99.99%)

  7. Registrar • Creates, deletes, modifies entries in the registry • Carries out authentication of registrants • Carries out policy checks • Domains are fully portable between registrars – via transfer procedures

  8. Reseller/Service Providers • Some registrants interact directly with a registrar • Many other registrants use a service provider (e.g web hosting, email services) to act as their agent • The service provider often manages the nameserver (e.g ns1.telstra.net) that contains the information about the domain name to finally reach the intended destination • Most common services are web sites and email

  9. Possible ENUM approaches • Start with a single registry provider at 1.6.e164.arpa • Appoint registrars that interact with registry provider • Allow registrants to directly create an enum entry (may need a separate allocation of E164 number range) – provides independence from service providers • Allow service providers to operate a nameserver for the E164 numbers under their management, and allow their customers to opt-in to that service provider

  10. Trials • Direct registrants can have complete control over the URIs associated with a E164 number • Service providers may implement a limited set of URI types on the nameservers that they manage (e.g to support IP telephony only)

  11. DNS principles • Provide basic DNS service and allow market to evolve • Opt-in • Allow users direct control if desired • Use DNS hierarchy to create separate policy areas (e.g .com.au compared to .id.au, or .com)

  12. Conclusion • There are working models for domain names that can be used as a starting point for ENUM • Allow a range of trials that may involve different policy environments • Let users opt-in (although service providers may choose to automatically add certain number ranges for IP telephony purposes only)

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