Chapter 20

1. Chapter 20 1960s: The New Frontier and the Great Society The Cold War Continues…

2. Kennedy • Election of 1960: Television helps Democratic candidate John F. Kennedy to be elected to the presidency • Youngest president ever elected

3. First Televised Presidential Debate

4. Kennedy and family

5. The Cold War Goes On • To fight the cold war, Kennedy worked on building ally nation’s military and establishing programs to help third world countries • Instead of relying on nuclear weapons • 3 intense Cold War situationsoccurred during Kennedy’s presidency • Bay of Pigs, Berlin Crisis and Cuban Missile Crisis

6. Bay of Pigs Invasion • Bay of Pigs: Fidel Castro had taken over Cuban government. Relied on Soviet aid, ruined American relations with Cuba. About 10 % of Cuba’s population went into exile in U.S. • CIA was training Cuban exiles for an invasion of Cuba, hoping it would trigger an uprising that would overthrow Castro • Cuban exiles, supported by U.S. military landed in the Bay of Pigs in Cuba on April 17, 1961 • Met by Cuban and Soviet troops. Many American and Cuban exiles were killed • Public embarrassment

7. Bay of Pigs

8. Cuban Missile Crisis • Khrushchev of the Soviet Union promised to defend Cuba with Soviet arms • Sent nuclear weapons to Cuba (90 miles from U.S.) • Kennedy gave a warning that America would not tolerate nuclear weapons in Cuba • Photographs revealed Soviet missile bases in Cuba • Kennedy made it clear that any missile attack from Cuba would trigger an all-out attack on the Soviet Union • Soviet ships carrying missiles kept heading towards Cuba • Khrushchev offered to remove the missiles if Americans pledged not to invade Cuba and would remove missiles from Turkey

9. Cuban Missile Crisis

10. Addressing the Nation

11. Berlin Crisis • Many East Germans fled to West Berlin because it was free from communist rule • Khrushchev wanted this to stop and wanted Kennedy to give up all U.S. access to East Berlin • Kennedy refused • August 13, 1961, E. German troops began to build a wall separating East and West Berlin • Wall stood for symbol of Communist oppression

12. Berlin Crisis

14. Space Race • April 12, 1961, Soviets launched cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin into space • Kennedy wanted to do better, he wanted Americans to go to the moon (Neil Armstrong, first person on the moon on July 20, 1969)

15. Space Race

16. 1969 Moon Landing

17. Assassination • Kennedy was an advocate for Civil Rights • Public opinion dropped • Kennedy traveled to Dallas, Texas with his wife on November 22, 1963 • Riding in an open-top limo through Dallas, Lee Harvey Oswald shot President Kennedy from a book depository • Doctors tried to revive him, but President was dead

18. In Dallas

20. Book Depository and Dealy Plaza

21. Tragedy • Television became a “window to the world”, the news traveled very quickly about the president’s death • Funeral was televised as well, country went into mourning • Some believed it was a conspiracy to kill Kennedy • Set up Warren Commission to investigate conspiracy theories, concluded Oswald acted alone • While Oswald was being transferred between jails, a nightclub owner named Jack Ruby, shot and killed Oswald

22. Lee Harvey Oswald

23. LBJ being sworn in as President

24. Funeral

26. LBJ • Lyndon Johnson sworn in as president • Put through many “Great Society” programs to help poverty, education, discrimination and the environment