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Chapter 20

Chapter 20. The New South and Trans-Mississippi West. Southern Burden. industrialization as one way to restore prosperity. cotton. Short of credit and cash tenantry and sharecropping.– left poor and in debt Crop leins Debt peonage

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Chapter 20

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  1. Chapter 20 The New South and Trans-Mississippi West

  2. Southern Burden • industrialization as one way to restore prosperity. • cotton. • Short of credit and cash • tenantry and sharecropping.– left poor and in debt • Crop leins • Debt peonage • low wages in southern agriculture made it difficult to attract skilled labor and enough outside capital to develop a more diversified economy. • Why in poverty? • Late industrializing • Undereducated labor • Isolated market

  3. Life in New South • sport and leisure vs. restrictive ideals of Christian piety. • male and female domains • the church was at the center of southern life • laissez-faire approach to race relations, • "Jim Crow" system of racial segregation. • Newly erected legal codes forbade blacks and whites from mingling. • Blacks could not compete for most jobs. • The Supreme Court gave segregation constitutional authority in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). SEPARATE BUT EQUAL!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  4. Western Frontiers • different attitudes toward the natural environment • Whites- exploit, dominate and tame. • Indians' religious beliefs encouraged a view of the land as a complex web of animals, plants, and other natural elements, all with souls.- Can not be owned! • difficulty of transportation, and scarcity of water. • The Homestead Act of 1862 completion of the transcontinental railroad • = settlement and development more attractive.

  5. War for the West • policy of concentrating on reservations. – Failed and violence erupts again. • Battle of Little Big Horn –Sioux and Cheyenne trap Custer. • Couldn’t stop • flood of white settlers, • disease, • slaughter of the buffalo

  6. Dawes Act, reformers tried to draw Indians out of communal tribal cultures and turn them into independent farmers. • Land was terrible, children forced into boarding schools, land taken by Federal Government • Hispanos in the Southwest saw their way of life challenged as, sometimes with violence, more often by legal and political means • Anglos deprived Hispanos of their land and political influence. • new wave of immigration from Mexico changed the character of the Hispanic Southwest.

  7. Boom and Bust in West • Silver and gold strikes • Railroads • enormous influence over the region's economic and political life. • Cattle ranchers drove huge herds of steer to the new railheads • large corporations to dominate cattle industry. • Violence erupted between sheep and cattle interests, • violent –blizzards and drought

  8. Final Frontier • cheap land under the Homestead Act • expensive equipment • Bonanza farms- go big or go home- HUGE DEBT! • Farm families faced sod houses, prairie fires, blizzards, and rural isolation. • the church, as in the South, offered some solace and social life. • in the South, alienation from the mainstream of industrial America would breed resentment and, ultimately, political revolt.

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