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Understanding Adolescents: An Oxymoron?

Understanding Adolescents: An Oxymoron?. Problems of adolescents. Emotional tension: Emotional development is at maximum and unstable. Self respect and personal pride make the individual emotionally bad. He expects the things to be done as he aspires. Personal appearance:

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Understanding Adolescents: An Oxymoron?

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  1. Understanding Adolescents:An Oxymoron?

  2. Problems of adolescents • Emotional tension: • Emotional development is at maximum and unstable. Self respect and personal pride make the individual emotionally bad. He expects the things to be done as he aspires.

  3. Personal appearance: • This is a significant problem. The adolescent is much worried about the appearance with modern and latest life style at any cost.

  4. Freedom: • It is the ambition for freedom from parental sovereign. The individual hates control of the parents. He seeks identity to himself.

  5. Economic independence: • This is another problem of economic independence. Money from parents for personal expense is a major problem.

  6. Social adjustment: • One has to face a lot of adjustment problems. The most difficult problem is related to social adjustment outside the family and to peer group.

  7. 16-18 year olds • • 15% live in unsafe neighborhoods • • 9% have socio-emotional problems requiring intervention • • 22% are sexually active • • 63% of teens are unemployed • • 4% are high school drop-outs • • 9% of parents are high school drop-outs

  8. 8% not attending school and not working • • 29% no parent has full-time year-round employment • • 13% 15-18 in low income working families

  9. How to understandadolescent development? • You can’t judge a book by its • cover… • Adolescents aren’t always what they • appear to be.

  10. Development occurs in different domains • Physical • Biological • – Emotional • – Social • – Moral • – Spiritual • – Racial/Cultural • – Sexual

  11. Normal Adolescent Development • Increased independent functioning • • More cohesive sense of identity • • Examination of inner experiences • • Ability to think ideas through • • Conflict with parents begins to decrease

  12. When things go wrong… • Regression • • Somatic manifestations • – Bodily concerns, aches and pains, • illness • • Behavioral difficulties, acting out • – • School difficulties, failure • • Emotional difficulties

  13. Trauma Exposure is High • Approximately 40% of youth will experience one or more • traumatic events in their lifetime • • A longitudinal study of 9-16 year-old youth found: • – 25% experienced at least one traumatic event

  14. Gender as a Risk Factor • Substance use/abuse • • Involvement in violent activity • • Relational impairments • • • Subsequent victimization • • Aggressive behavior • • Poor academic performance • • Numbness; desensitization to threat • • Recklessness and re-enacting behavior • •

  15. Sick vs Healthy man

  16. Mental illness • Healthy man: • No Underestimation , considerate • Self control, moral values • Types of mental illness: • Psychosis: Loss of preception • Schizopherenia

  17. Drug abuse • Common drugs used • Common materials used • How these things are available

  18. Drugs and Crime, the current prevalence rates within the age group of 12-18 years was Alcohol (21.4 per cent), Cannabis (three), Opiates (0.7) and any illicit drug (3.6 per cent).

  19. It is estimated that there are about 16.25 crore alcoholics, 190 lakh Cannabis and 12.5 lakhs opiates and nearly 100 lakh illicit drug users in the country

  20. Common problems of Adolescence • What is addiction ? • Tobacco , drugs, Alcohol • Tobacco: • Nicotiana tobaccum • 17th century by red indians • Nicotine • CO, N-nitrosodimetyne, Benzpyrene

  21. Tobacco • Effects: • Stimulates nerves • Stimulates adrenalin • Increases constriction of blood vessels • Increases blood pressure, heart beat

  22. Diseases of Tobacco • Cancer : Benzpyrene • 95% lung cancer, mouth cancer • Cough and Bronchitis • Cardiovascular diseases • Gastric ulcers • T B • No Tobacco day : 31st May

  23. Tobacco • 10,000 people die every day • 35 lakh people die every year • In India 1million people die every year • 53% adult addicted

  24. Alcoholism • Def: • Reason. 1. Social pressure • Excitement, failure, family history • Types of alcoholism: • Alpha: Beta, Gamma, Delta • Epsilon

  25. Alcohol • Is not a food • Is not a stimulant • Is a sedative & Anaesthetic • Effects: • Nervous system: • Loss of judgement, visual, speech

  26. Hallucinosis,encephalopathy • Gastric ulcers, carcinoma • On Liver: Fatty acid syndrome( Cirrosis) • Cardiovascular problems, • Kidney : hyperosmatic • Drinking and driving

  27. Treatment • Diazepam 40-80 mg/ day • Behavior therapy , group therapy

  28. Drug abuse • Psychotrophic drugs: act on brain and change the behavior • Mood altering drugs • Psychedelic drugs: Hallucinosis : change in mood behavior,thoughts • See sound and hear color

  29. Antianxiety drugs • Used for anxiety, phobic conditions • Drug : Diazapam, Nitrazapam • Benzodizapine • Increases sleep, relax muscles

  30. Drug addiction • Types: • Sedative and tranquillizers: • Gives feeling of calmness • Vallium, Equanil, campose • Barbiturates: Barbituric acid( melonic acid and urea) • Hypertension, comma death

  31. Anti depressents • Mona amine oxidase inhibitor (MAO) • Elevates the mood • increasesmetabolism

  32. Opiatic Narcotics • Pain killers: acts as analgesic • Reduces tension,lowers blood pressure • If not availabe: lacrimation, vomiting, epilepsy • Types: • Opium: • Latex of Papaver somniferum

  33. Heroin • Heroin, or diacetylmorphine (INN), also known as diamorphine (BAN), is a semi-synthetic opioiddrug synthesized from morphine, a derivative of the opium poppy

  34. opium • Morphine and codein are obtained • Heroin commonly called brown sugar or H Smack • 8-10 time stronger • Intravenous : rush • Therapy

  35. Stimulants • to increase efficency of CNS • Caffeine • Amphetamines: powder smoked or injected • Anti sleep drugs

  36. Hallucinogens: • Change of thoughts & Feeling • LSD : Lysergic acid diethylamide • Obtained from: ergot fungus , Claviceps purpuria • Hemp: Cannabis

  37. HEMP: Tetrahydrocannabinol • Charas : resin from flower top • Ganja: leaves • Bhang: dry leaves cut parts

  38. Narcotics • Golden triangle: vietnam – Laos –Myanmar • Golden crescent : Pak – afgan –Iran

  39. Mental illness • Healthy man: • No Underestimation , considerate • Self control, moral values • Types of mental illness: • Psychosis: Loss of preception • Schizopherenia

  40. Epilepsy • Fits, abnormal nerve impulse • Factors: • Heredity • Injury • Childhood experience

  41. AGING: Gerantology • Progressive deteriorations • Max vs average life span • Toad 36 yrs • Cobra 28 yrs • Alligator 70 • Tortoise 152 yrs

  42. Parrot 80 yrs • Elephant 70 yrs • Lion 30 yrs • Tiger 25 yrs • S. Iaumi 120 yrs Japan

  43. Cardiovascular functions : 10 % O2 consumption decreases with 10 yrs • Pumping of blood decreases upto 65% • To brain it goes 80% /minute • Kidney 42% • O2 carrying capacity decreases

  44. Lungs:Vital capacity reduces to 40 5 • Kidney becomes less efficent • Brain • Muscle: mass decline to 22% • Eyes, Hearing skin • Immunity

  45. Celluuar changes • Mitochondria degenrates • E R Decreases • Pigments like lipofuscin deposition takes place • Nucleus shrinks chromatin condensation takes place

  46. Gene expression • Appopotsis • Gene death

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