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Training Module 1 Integrated Coastal Management and Communication

Chapter 6 Household environmental management development in Latvia. Training Module 1 Integrated Coastal Management and Communication. Introduction.

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Training Module 1 Integrated Coastal Management and Communication

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  1. Chapter 6 Household environmental management development in Latvia Training Module 1Integrated Coastal Management and Communication

  2. Introduction Household environmental management (HEM) is one of the 6 environmental management dimensions and HEM focus on household sustainable consumption promotion; The presentation introduce in actuality for households sustainable consumption development in Latvia; DescribedHEM structure, sectors and main actionsfor each sector sustainable development; Expanded analyze for HEM communication and collaboration instruments. In the second part there are given several practical examples in Latvia in HEMcontext. COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  3. Contents Households and sustainable consumption Need for household sustainable consumption in Latvia; Household environmental management Household environmental management instruments Household environmental management development in Latvia Conclusions Bibliography COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  4. 1. Households and sustainable consumption • Household definitions • Sustainable consumption definition • Household sustainable consumption • Environmentally friendly behavior (EFB): impact factors in Latvia COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  5. 1.1.1 Household definitions • Household as group of people: • A group of persons sharing a home or living space, who aggregate and share their incomes, as evidenced by the fact that they regularly take meals together—the ‘common cooking-pot’ definition. (Marshall 1998, A dictionary of Sociology) • Household as a‘single person or a group of people who have the address as their only or main residence and who either share one meal a day or share the living accommodation’ (ONS 2005) • social units, which share the same language, norms and values, and are an expression of the ways in which people choose to live their personal lives(Diepen van A. M.L 1998) Latvian Central Statistical Bureau: • Household is one or more persons living in the same dwelling and jointly cover household expenses (CSB 2009) • Household (home) as spatial element: • Home has been studied as material place (often surrounded by garden and nearby in concrete neighborhood) and space with characteristic identities and meanings. (Valentine 2001) • Household is the core, thefirst circle in the management of environmental services (EEA The Dobris Assessment). COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  6. 1.1.2 Household definition • In environmental management: • Household: both a spatial element and a group of people Household is a dwelling and its surroundings managed either individually or jointly by the residents of a specific territory, characterised by joint provisions and a domestic lifestyle (Ernsteins, Lice 2010)

  7. 1.2. Sustainable consumption • Sustainable consumption is "the use of services and related products which respond to basic needs and bring a better quality of life while minimizing the use of natural resources and toxic materials as well as the emissions of waste and pollutants over the life cycle of the service or product so as not to jeopardize the needs of future generations". (January 1994 "Oslo Symposium“) COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  8. 1.4.1. Environmentally friendly behavior (EFB): impact factors in Latvia • When drafting Latvian Sustainable Development Strategy 2020, two significant studies were made on EFB factors in society: • Auzāne B., Elere L (2008) Sustainable consumption in Latvia: barriers and consumer attitude • Ķīlis, R., Austers, A., Andersone, M. (2008) Latvian sustainable development strategy 2030 report on public opinion poll

  9. 1.4.2. EFB impact factors in Latvia • Social and demographical factors such as age, sex and education: • Elderly people more inclined toward resource-efficient consumption • Higher level of education  more knowledge on environmental issues  not always environmentally friendly behaviour (e.g. Educated people have a higher level of income, and often higher resource consumption – e.g. private car etc.) • Do nothing to protect environment - 60,5% male, 39,5% female respondents. • Level of income: • Residents not ready to invest in environmentally friendly goods with present level of income

  10. 1.4.3. EFB impact factors in Latvia • information, social and atitude factors: • Public does not search for information itself; • Producers – do not convey true information on the product; • Individuals unsure that their action would yield any benefit • Weakly developed collective solidarity; • Lack of attitude and responsibility; • Unavailable infrastructure, lack of public support and faulty institutional framework; • Gap between governmental institutions and public trust and suport.

  11. 2. Need for sustainable household consumption • Sustainable consumption policy planning • Ecological footprint and household impact on environment • Need for sustainable consumption practice in sectors • Comparision: Latvia, Estonia, Finland COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  12. 2.1. Sustainable consumption policy planning • International and regional policy formulations: Local Agenda 21, Johannesburg strategy, Marrakesh process • (states collaboration, corporation green development; consumers sustainable lifestyle); • National level: • Latvian Sustainable Development Strategy 2030 as a long-term goal: promote sustainable lifestyle in sustainable management of natural values and services; • A number of sectoral planning documents provide for public (household) participation in sustainable resource use: • National Plan on Waste Management 2006 - 2012 • Architecture policy guidelines 2009 – 2015 • Latvian First Energy Efficiency Action Plan 2008 – 2010 • Environmental Policy Plan 2009 – 2015 COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  13. 2.2. Ecological footprint, household impact on climate • Ecological footprintapprox. 5,6 ha per capita (2010) , while global availability - 1,8 ha per capita, average globally - 2,7 ha per capita* • Has doubled over the past 15 years from 2,5 ha to 5.6 ha per capita; • Household impact on climate: • 4,35t CO2 per resident (2006). • Main sectors: Housing (37%), Transport (26%), Food (25%)**; • *Living Planet report WWF 2010 • **Brizga, Kudrenickis 2009

  14. 2.3.1. Households consumption in Latvia • Household energy consumptionindices 34% (2008) in total energy end-conusmption balance (in average in Europe 25,4%), • Long – term target for buildings heat consumption - 150 kwh/m2 at 2020, now – 220 kwh/m2 • Households electricity use has increased by 4% (2000 – 2008). • Municipal waste • 305 kg per capita** (Less than in average in Europe, EU 15 ~ 620 kg per capita, EU-12 ~ 400 kg per capita EEA 2008); • 46% of municipal waste are generated by households (limited capacity of waste landfills); • Week waste recycling system *Kudrenickis 2010 ** LVĢMC 2009 Photos: web

  15. 2.3.2. Households consumption in Latvia • Food import increases. • Import dependency in period from 2004 till 2007 has increased by 9%. More than one third or 34% of food consumed in 2007 was imported*. • Mobility: • 82% trips are made by private cars, buses – 12%, train – 4,5% (Europe – 76% private cars, 7%- trains)**; • Economic recession • Last years data show consumption is decreasing due to Economic recession, in the same time residents well–being become worse - 40% households are poor, unemployment problems, etc.*** *Melece L. 2011 ** Klavs G. 2010 *** Central Statistical bureau

  16. 2.4. Comparision: Latvia, Estonia, Finland • Low energy efficiency of buildings in Latvia • Although the heating consumption per square metre in Finland is lower, there is higher demand for comfort, or different lifestyle like demand for bigger space ? • In Finland - high urbanization, in Latvia, Estonia similar. (Culture impact: Traditions to live in private houses in country, connection to countries, etc., but growing in last years also in other countries?) • Waste generation is considerably lover in Latvia • Food consumption *Tallinn University of Technology 2009 **Statistics Finland *** Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia

  17. 3. Household environmental management . • Household environmental management definition • HEM structure • HEM spatial sector structure COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  18. 3.1.Household environmental management • Household environmental management (HEM) is environmental management of a dwelling (private house, appartment) and its surroundings either individually or jointly by the residents of a specific territory, including environmentaly friendly: • building environment, • Energy supply and use • Water supply and use • Food consumption • other everyday products, goods or services consumption • Waste management • Mobility • Leisure activities and lifestyle • HEM includes the entire environmental management cycle from situation assessment and environmental policy development to solutions planning and action programming for practical activities in the management of a dwelling and its internal and external environment.(Lice, Ensteins 2010) COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  19. 3.2.1 HEM sectors Sector division according toETC SCP consumption clusters Housing and Building, Food, Mobility. European Topic Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production 2010

  20. 3.2.2 Building environment 1. First, not to build, • But to renovate by choosing environmentally friendly materials and thinking about sustainability in the building use phase. 2. To build sustainably • Sustainable building • Low energy consumption houses with 0% or passive homes (15 kwh/m2) and 50% energy consumption from average building consumption Sustainablebuildingin Latvia InGermany – thousandsand a topicontheagendaonbuildingactivehomesproducingtheirownenergyandselling it to others • Theonlypassivehousein Talsi county, Gipka (finishedin 2010)

  21. 3.2.3. Energy supply and use Sustainablechoiceandactionneeds to bepromotedinsectorssuchas: • Sustainableenergyend-consumption(heatandelectricity) (Energyefficiencymeasures – houseinsulation; Lifestylechanges – reduceuseofenergy-consumingtechnologies; Useenergyefficienthouseholdgoods) 2. Sustainableheatingenergyproductioninhouseholds(heatandelectricity) 3. Sustainableenergyproductionandsupplyfromcentralisedheatingsystem(heatandelectricity) 4. Heatingfuelsupplyaccording to sustainabilityprinciple: • To thecentralisedheatingsupplyfueltank • To theplaceofresidence Source: Kudrenickis I. 2009 COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  22. 3.3.4 HEM spatial sectors structure: Water supply and use Water management tasks in ensuring environmentally friendly household management are: • For centralised water supply and waste water management in water management company: • Ensure quality drinking water supply with low resource consumption • Increase availability of centralised water services for households • Household: • reduce water consumption • reduce environmental load due to household chemicals use • Use environmentally friendly private water management systems; • Use rainwater for household needs COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  23. 4.3.5 Household waste management Source : Arlington Virgina web page www.greenpatriotposters.org Sustainability means: • Do not create waste – buy less, do not chose additional packaging, choose environmentally friendly packaging; • Sort the waste created and use in households compost piles etc., deposit for recycling; • Use waste for energy production • Ensure that waste is disposed in environmentally friendly manner. COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  24. 3.3.5 Food consumption • Local food consumption; • Balanced diet and reccomended kcal consumption per day; • Less animal product consumption (meat, dairy products, eggs); • Organic farming products consumption.

  25. 3.3.6. Transport • Less private automobiles use; • In cities – walking, public transport, cycling; • Intercity public transport; • Less air transport use; • Personal cars common use.

  26. 3.3.7 Lifestyle • Conscious environmentally friendly behaviour: • Ensure information availability and interest among residents on environmentally friendly behaviour, • Education and self-development, • Individual participation and possibility of environmentally friendly lifestyle choices • environmentally friendly behaviour (Ernsteins 2003) COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  27. 3.3.8 : Lifestyle • Lifestyle as integrative sector, as motivated individual environmentally friendly behaviour • Environmentaly friendly behaviour: • Environmentally friendly behaviour  - motivated action by the public or individual in the professional and everyday realms in problem identification and prevention. (Ernsteins 2003). • individual or collective, direct or indirect action directed at nature capital development: resource depleation and pollution reduction, ecological capacity enlargement and ecosystem services preservation (Brizga, Antons 2009). COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  28. 5. Household environmental management instruments Draft for consultations. Not to be disseminated. • traditional five environmental management groups • communication and Co-operation instruments COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2010 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  29. 5.1. Household environmental management instruments • Traditional five environmental management instrument groups: • Planning instruments • Legal and supervisory instruments • Infrastructural and institutional instruments • Financial and economic instruments • Communication and co-operation instruments COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  30. 5.2.1 HEM instruments: Communication and co-operation instruments (CCI) Environmental information instruments Environmental education instruments Public participation instruments Environmentally friendly action instruments COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  31. 5.2.2 CCI: Environmental information instruments • Ecolabelling, informative materials (brochures, TV, radio broadcasts, information on the internet) • Ecolabelling – text or symbols on products or packaging, which indicates product or packaging environmental impact. • Belongs to Latvian biological agriculture organisations association and testifies to product`s ecologically clean origin; • EU Energy efficiency labelling (class A to F); • Green Certificate, which is rural tourist residence eco-labelling; • FSC – sustainable forestry certificate, indicated on products in which sustainable wood-pulp is used COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  32. 5.2.3 CCI: Environmental information instruments • EU official environmental labelling. Latvian producers may also obtain it. Currently, only textiles, floor covers and office paper available in Latvia; • Nordic Swan, Nordic labelling issued by the Nordic Council of Ministers. On two products in Latvia – United Press, Baltic Candles • Good Environmental Choice, developed by the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation. On many product groups. Considered to be one of the stricktest labellings. • Blue Angel German enviromental labelling, existent from 1978, considered one of the world`s most advanced environmental labellings. Found on over 3500 products. • TCO (Swedish professional employees confederation). Awarded to cell phones, office furniture, computers and assessories • Etc. COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  33. 5.2.4 CCI: Environmental information instruments Greenguide NGO GreenLiberty • Informative materials: • Brochures on environmentally friendly behaviour (Green Guide, All that we eat, Sustainable construction, advice for building insulation, etc.) • complex media campaigns, TV programmes "Vides fakti” (www.videsfakti.lv); Dabas taka, Uz meža takas (Latvian Television) • Information on organisations websites • Sustainable consumption (Dolceta http://www.dolceta.eu/latvija/, Vides risinajumi (www.videsrisinajumi.lv), Zaļā brīvība (www.zb-zeme.lv); ekozeme.lv (www.ekozeme.lv); • sustainable construction (NGO “Zaļas mājas” www.zalasmajas.lv) • vegetarianism (www.vegetarisms.lv) • Etc. COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  34. 5.2.5 CCI: Environmental education instruments • Formal education: • Study subjects on environment; natural sciences programmes in primary and secondary schools; higher education programmes. • Non-formal education: • Campaigns • Educational events on environment – Environment Weeks at schools etc. • Extra-curricular activities • Further education centres etc. COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  35. 5.2.6 CCI: Environmental education instruments • Campaigns oriented towards primary and secondary school involvement: • Eco-schools, New environmental reporters, Get to know the forest, The Revealed Latvia (Atrastā Latvija). • Latvijas Zaļais punkts (Latvian Green Point) and Latvian University of Agriculture campaign „The Green Point Cup” • Competitions for Best Class title – battery collecting, tree sowing and planing action `Oxigen` COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  36. 5.2.7 CCI: Environmental education instruments “Greenmovies” in “GreenIkskile” Natureconcerthall – musicevent • Other environmental education instruments: • Exhibitions devoted to environmental protection; • Conferences (annual “Environmental science and education in Latvia”, Inhale 2010 green and ecological lifestyle conference); • Cultural events: concerts, films, documentary demonstrations, theatre performances. COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  37. 5.2.8 CCI: Public participation instruments Freefrom GMO Greenmarket Globalgreenworkday • NGO activities for public participation: • against GMO, green guide, green markets, Idea house „Green lifestyle action”, NGO „Zaļas mājas” activities promoting sustainable construction, NGO Berga bazārs on environmentally friendly food, Global green work day, etc, Creative Cities COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  38. 5.2.9 CCI: Public participation instruments • Ministry of the Environment activities for public participation: • Annual prize Ābols (Apple), awarded to local governments implementing environmental infrastructute and nature protection projects, competition Best packaging in Latvia, competition Sējējs (The Sower) for farms and competition Best Environmental Reporter. • Other public participation instruments: • Public hearings, consultative boards, participation in NGOs, letter-writing etc. COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  39. 6. Household environmental management development in Latvia Municipal competition example: Liepāja competition on neatest building Resident self-organisation example: idea actions; Riga household example; Valmiera city municipal action example; Expert evaluation on household environmental management development in Latvia COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  40. 6.1. Municipal competition example: Liepāja competition on neatest building Photo: Liepajniekiem web page • Annually since 2005. City`s neatest buildings assessed annually from June to September • Nominations: • „Neatest company”, • „Neatest institution”, • „Neatest multi-storey building” and • „Neatest private house” • „Broomstick” for most untidy buildings • Resident organising and benefit for municipality – a well-kept city COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  41. 6.2. Resident self-organisation example: idea actions SymbolofIdeaaction (Ideju talka) Photo: Ideju talka archive • Idea actions – a consultations platform for companies to start business, for residents to live greener and other interested individuals for co-operation • Project since 2009, over 20 idea actions. Slogan – together we can ourselves! • March 2010 – Green Lifestyle action. 16 ideas submitted in total. A number of ideas jointly implemented – some small gardens created, several ideas on self-organisation to create bicycle paths, gatherings, etc. COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  42. 6.3. Resident and municipal action development in Valmiera city municipality 1. Service supply for households 2. “ZAAO” waste management company activities in promoting environmentally friendly behaviour 3. Building insulation activity development 4. Impeding factors in Valmiera municipal activity development COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  43. 6.3.1.Service supply for households • Service supply companies – „Valmieras ūdens”, „Valmieras siltums”, “ZAAO” • All institutions possess active instruments in service improvement, a significant support for EU infrastructure programmes • Company “ZAAO” – most significant public educator on environmental issues, internally – integrated environmental management systems (ISO 14001, ISO 9001, work safety), highest number of separate waste collection points in the region COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  44. 6.3.2. ZAAO environmental information activities Source: “North Vidzeme Waste Management Organisation” website www.zaao.lv • ZAAO company`s environmental information activities • environmental education experts • issues informative materials on environment (for primary and secondary schools) • A number of co-operation programmes: • With local governments • With educational establishments • Participation in environmental education association COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  45. 6.3.3. Building insulation activity development Appartment owners society “Smilškrasti” experience in building insulation Household action – facilitating factors: • EU ERAF fund availability; • Municipal and Ministry of Economy (BEMA) communication with residents; • Good examples of other appartment owners societies in Valmiera; • Inernal motivation – opportunity to save money, improve internal microclimate, increase property value Household action – impeding factors: • Complicated application procedure; • Differing relations among owners in a building; • Difficulties in achieving agreement; • Lack of enthusiasts, leaders. COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  46. 6.3.4. Impeding factors in Valmiera municipal action development • Unavailability of a number of external national regulations (e.g., on green purchasing, no regulations on municipal obligations in relation to environmetal policy and lack of strategic governmental approach; • Lack of resident interestand non-participation in decision-making processes; • Municipal administration`s internal factors– lack of leadership interest, employee enthusiasm, capacity • Etc. COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  47. 6.4.1 Riga household action example Case study of a particular household, whose residents are all informed on environmentally friendly lifestyle • Household characteristics: • Building built in 1900, not insulated, six storey appartment block, brick external walls. • Appartment area - 114,3 m2, ceiling height – 3,4 m. 5 rooms, 5 residents, 22,86 m2 area available for each resident. • Household service use: • heating supply by JSC „Rīgas siltums”, • Water supply services „Rīgas ūdens” Ltd., • electricity supply services JSC „Latvenergo”; • Waste management services JSC "L & T Hoetika”. COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  48. 6.4.2 Riga household action example: Household consumption indices 1The First energyefficiencyactionplan Latvia Saeima • Electricity consumption annual indice - 4800 kwh corresponds to CSB classified biggest consumption group - 2000 kwh and more • Heating consumption - 161 kwh/m2. (2016 consumption target indice – 195 kwh/m2, 2020 – 150 kwh/m21) • GHG emisssions - 1,2t – smaller than Latvian average – 1,53t • Electricity consumption as the only household evaluable indice COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  49. 6.4.3 Riga household action example: Household consumption patterns analysis Energy consumption high Household uses electric water boiler, part of electric appliances old; Heating consumption not high saving rather than comfort regime, considerable heat loss from building; Household residents partly sorte their waste – glass, PET bottles, paper; Interest in environmentally friendly lifestyle, participate in different events, involve others COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

  50. 6.4.4 Riga household action example: Conclusions • Household does not promote sustainable consumption development: • Lack of infrastructure; • Resident status - tenants; • Neighbours and peers; • Economic aspects; • Unwillingness to participate inmunicipality`s monitoring and disbelief in possible change COBWEB, Interreg IV A 2011 University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Management

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