Napoleon

1. Napoleon

2. “The dirty little Corsican”

3. Incredible victories in Italy and borders of Austria, impressive in Egypt until Britain’s Nelson finds their navy and destroys it. • More chaos in Parisian streets so he runs up to help. No one knows about Egyptian failures.

4. Back in France Directory was being challenged by royalists and needed help of military but didn’t trust army leaders so made the mistake of picking Napoleon thinking he would be their puppet. Create a plan for a fake coup d’etat. Directors were in on it or bribed and one was kept in a room. Told 500 and Ancients that Jacobins planning takeover.

5. November 10, 1799 • By next day they realized they were tricked and when Napoleon came in they yelled and attacked…he fainted! Luckily his brother got the army to come in to back him up and the coup succeeded. At first he shares the position of consul with two other men(Sieyes being one of them)… Is this the end of the French Revolution? Or is this a new phase?

6. Napoleon asserts his authority and becomes First Consul and then after a plebiscite, Consul for Life… he was gaining dictatorial powers. • He jails, exiles or guillotines opposition and makes peace with European powers. • France will have about 4 years of peace and domestic tranquility . 1800-1803/4

7. Reforms: • Bank of France 1800: trust built for investors and inflation controlled

8. Concordat 1801Pius VII • “In religion, I do not see the mystery of the Incarnation, but the mystery of the social order.” • Two goals “This religion must be in the hands of the government” Meaning no restoration of confiscated properties.

9. Civil Code 1804 • Combines egalitarian principles of 1789 and insistence on the rights of property and on the authority of parent and husband. Divorce restricted, illegitimate child claims are limited, women’s rights down the drain: “A husband owes protection to his wife, a wife obedience to her husband.” “Married women are incapable of making contracts” “a wife may sue for divorce only in the case in which the husband introduces a permanent mistress into the family household.”

10. Property rights and rights of citizenship are official… destruction of feudalism and privilege. • Equal division of estates between sons is law

11. Education : boys to be trained for service for the state: doctors, teachers, civil servants, soldiers, craftsmen, etc. • Lycees set up as secular specialized secondary schools which were very effective • Girls were left to religious schools: “What we ask is not that girls should think but that they should believe” “care must be taken not to let them see any Latin, or other foreign languages.”

12. Secret police and censorship

13. Workers: 1803 law forbade union organization and they must carry a passbook stamped by their employer and, in industrial disputes, the employer’s word alone could be taken as evidence.

14. Food: Limit export of grain and imposed ceiling on price of bread and flour. This will gain him the loyal support of the people throughout the years.

15. critics

16. A new royal line was created. Joseph, then Louis then Lucien..this is before he had children.

17. 1803 war breaks out again with England and royalists get a deal with Britain to kidnap Napoleon and bring him to London, plot exposed so the threat brings on title of Emperor (very Hobbesian)…people felt they needed a strong ruler to control chaos.

18. December 2, 1804 Napoleon crowned himself Emperor in Notre Dame

20. Napoleon takes on Europe!!! p. 68 and 69