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Harry Truman Democrat 1945-1953

Harry Truman Democrat 1945-1953. Post War-1950’s. Domestic Issues After WW2, the nation needed to Demobilize, convert factories back to make civilian goods. 12 million men were released from the military

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Harry Truman Democrat 1945-1953

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  1. Harry TrumanDemocrat 1945-1953

  2. Post War-1950’s • Domestic Issues • After WW2, the nation needed to Demobilize,convert factories back to make civilian goods. • 12 million men were released from the military • As a way to help these veterans adjust to civilian life the government created the GI Bill of Rights- buying homes/$$$ college

  3. Truman’s Fair Deal • An extension of the New Deal, these domestic policies attempted to give all Americans National Health Care and Higher Wages. • Jim Crow Laws still existed in the South after the war, and DE FACTO SEGREGATIONexisted in the North- in practice but not law • Truman ordered the DESEGREGATION OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND MILITARY. • 1947 Jackie Robinson becomes the first Black Man to play in Major League Baseball

  4. Baby Boom1946-1964 • 76 m Americans born during these years • The need to feed, clothe and house these new Americans led to an economic boom. • Americans also had large savings built up due to the rationing of goods and higher wages that occurred during WW2. • Automobile and Housing industries benefitted the most.

  5. Truman and Foreign Affairs THE COLD WAR

  6. Truman and Foreign Affairs • The Cold War was a competition between the • USA and USSR/Soviet Union • Why? • $$$ World Domination $$$

  7. US Foreign Policy During Cold War1946-1991 • Containment- • Stopping the spread of Communism

  8. Policies created as part of Containment • Truman Doctrine-USA will aid any nation in Europe to stop the spread of communism. • Marshall Plan USA gives $13B aid to Western Europe to rebuild after war, to stop the spread of communism. • Central Intelligence Agency-collects intelligence / information about other nations-Spying

  9. Churchill claims people in Eastern Europe are forced to live behind and Iron Curtain

  10. War Department becomes Defense Department

  11. First Hot Spot of Cold War • Berlin 1948- USSR closes rail and roads into Berlin. • The U.S. airlifts supplies for 321 days the USSR ends the blockade in 1949. • This would not be the last time Berlin would be a hot spot during the Cold War.

  12. North Atlantic Treaty Organization • 1949 – USA joins defense alliance w/Western Europe and Canada • This was done for Collective Security- • If one nation is attacked, all in the group will protect it. • The USSR responds w/the Warsaw Pact-Eastern European Countries.

  13. Warsaw Pact

  14. Looking for Commie Spies

  15. Executing Spies

  16. The Korean War 1950-1953 • Korea was divided at the 38th Parallel after WW2- North Communist- South Democratic • June 1950- North invades South • As part of its Containment Policythe U.S. and United Nations troops attempt to Stop the spread of communism. • The goal was to keep the nation divided at the 38th parallel, and not to involve the Chinese or Russians.

  17. Truman Fires MacArthur

  18. Korean War • U.S./U.N. troops push North Korean troops across the 38th and close in on the Chinese border, causing the Chinese to attack. • Chinese troops push U.S./U.N. troops back across 38th and for 3 years fighting occurs around 38th. • A truce is signed in 1953 ending the war • Communism was Contained.

  19. Dwight EisenhowerRepublican 1953-1961

  20. Eisenhower and The Cold War • Continues the policy of Containment-and added the: • Eisenhower Doctrine- pledge to aid nations fighting communism in the Middle East. • Domino Theory -if one nation “fell” to communism all the nations around it would “fall”-especially in South East Asia/Vietnam

  21. Eisenhower, The Cold War and Nukes • New aggressive policies/threats begin: • Brinkmanship-U.S. was willing to go to the brink/edge of nuclear war to show its strength • Massive Retaliation- U.S. would use all its nuclear weapons at once if attacked w/just one. • Arms Race this led to both sides building up large nuclear arsenals- • Mutually Assured Destruction-both sides had enough of these weapons to destroy each other, hoping the other wouldn’t use them-Deterrent

  22. New Weapons • Hydrogen Bomb- over 1,500x’s more powerful than the bomb’s used on Japan. • Inter Continental Ballistic Missiles –Nuclear weapons that travel across continents

  23. Eisenhower, The Cold War, The Space Race and a Thaw? 1957- Soviets Launch Sputnik- a satellite that orbited the earth-This led to a new emphasis on math and science in American schools. The U.S. and U.S.S.R. realized how dangerous the situation had become, there was an easing of tensions/Thaw-1958-1960-both sides agreed to stop testing nuclear weapons. U-2 Incident-the thaw ended when a U.S. spy plane was shot down over the U.S.S.R. The Cold War was back!

  24. Fear of a “Missile Gap”

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