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PHYLUM PORIFERA

PHYLUM PORIFERA. Yes! . . . These are animals!!. Phylum Porifera. 8000 species Mainly marine . . . but about 100 freshwater species Sessile adult forms, sometimes benthic Many different shapes and sizes. Physical Characteristics. Body resembles a sac perforated with many holes

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PHYLUM PORIFERA

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  1. PHYLUM PORIFERA Yes! . . . These are animals!!

  2. Phylum Porifera • 8000 species • Mainly marine . . . but about 100 freshwaterspecies • Sessile adult forms, sometimes benthic • Many different shapes and sizes

  3. Physical Characteristics • Body resembles a sac perforated with many holes PORIFERA = “pore bearer” • Asymmetrical • Sometimes showing irregular shapes • No organs or true tissues present! • Cells show specialization .... different jobs for different kinds! • Cells form layers

  4. Body Shape • Simple sponge • Hollow • Upright • Cylindrical

  5. Body Shape • Complex sponges • many shapes • Complex body wall … • Inner foldings • Complex systems of canals and chambers

  6. So, what are they made of?? • Outer layer • Thin, flat epidermal cells • Pierced with pores • Inner layer • Specialized cells called collar cells or choanocytes

  7. Between the inner and outer cell layers • Jellylike material containing: • Amebocytes – digest food and transport nutrients, as well as secrete skeletal structures • Spicules – the skeletal fibers made from calcium carbonate or silica

  8. NO MOUTH!! … how can they eat?!? • Each pore allows water to enter the spogocoel • Sponges can filter food from the water pumped through their pores • (this is why we call them filter-feeders … DUH!!!) • The water then passes out of the osculum, or the opening at the top

  9. Water in . . . Water out • Water enters through incurrent pores • Collar cells create an inflowing current using their flagella • Water flows through the spongocoel and then the oscula

  10. Little Fingers • Food particles are captured and ingested by collar cells lining the spongocoel • Amebocytes in the middle layer pick up partly digested food

  11. This gets the point across!

  12. Sponge Babies!! • Asexual reproduction • “budding” • Groups of cells divide (“buds”) and break off • Unfavorable conditions lead “buds” to become “gemmules” – buds enclosed by tough outer covering • Sexual reproduction • Collar cells turn into gametes • Sponges are HERMAPHRODITES!! • Sperm leave through osculum and are drawn in through pores in neighboring sponges • Zygote becomes a free-swimming larva and leaves the mother sponge through the osculum

  13. Gemmules It doesn’t look much like a sponge . . . YET!!

  14. But, what should I know about Poriferans … • They are the lest complex animals Simple, simple, simple!!! • They do not show a tissue / organ level of organization • They are filter – feeders • They are BOTH asexual and sexual reproducers

  15. THE END!!! You know that I couldn’t leave out this guy . . . “Everyone’s favorite poriferan!!”

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