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351 - Spath

Zionism, The Birth of Israel, and the Palestinian Predicament. 351 - Spath. Lecture outline. The Zionist movement The British Mandate of Palestine Birth of the Israeli state and the Palestinian catastrophe (al-Nakba) Later Post-WWII conflicts Peace Process. The Zionist movement revisited.

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351 - Spath

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  1. Zionism, The Birth of Israel, and the Palestinian Predicament 351 - Spath

  2. Lecture outline • The Zionist movement • The British Mandate of Palestine • Birth of the Israeli state and the Palestinian catastrophe (al-Nakba) Later • Post-WWII conflicts • Peace Process

  3. The Zionist movement revisited • The emergence of political Zionism: • Jews before emancipation • Emancipation’s mixed record and the Haskalah Movement and integration attempts • Jewish Political Movements • Zionism, Socialism, Folkism, Territorialism • Zionism & Development of Nationalist Ideology • Adoption of a nationalist ideology • Leo Pinsker’s Autoemancipation (1882) • Eliezer ben-Yehuda’s re-creation of Hebrew in 1880s • Theodor Herzl’s The Jewish State (1896) • First Zionist Congress in Basel (1897)…Palestine • Division of labor: Western European Ideologues & Eastern European migrants • Imagining Palestine as an empty land • The Balfour declaration (1917)

  4. The British Mandate • 1917-20: British military rule • 1920-48: Mandate • 1920 Appointment of Sir Herbert Samuel as Civilian High commissioner • Conflicting “White Papers” Samuel’s 1922 White Paper and Balfour Declaration • Divided Arab leadership, strongest component under Mufti Amin al-Husayni. • Husayni-Nashashibi rivalry • Incoming Jews formed the Jewish Agency to run the Yishuv—a parallel government • Histadrut: • most powerful institution in Yishuv • mainstay of the Labour Zionist movement • Aside from being a trade union, its state-building role made it the owner of a number of businesses and factories • Largest employer in the country • Also controlled Jewish Defense Force -- Haganah

  5. Herzl, Ben Gurion, Jabotinsky

  6. The British Mandate • David Ben-Gurion was a kibbutznik who became General Secretariat of the Histadrut. • Kibbutzim (collective community based on traditional agriculture. • Transformed Histadrut into an institution to help realize the goals of Zionism • Immigration was key to Ben-Gurion & used Histadrut to facilitate this • Jabotinski’s Revisionist Zionism: “Historical” Israel (Judea and Sumeria) • Settlement efforts: Jewish National Fund • 1936 & 1937-9 Arab rebellions • External effects on Jewish emigration (Hitler & Nazism)

  7. The British Mandate (cont.) • US post-WWII support for a Jewish state • The Jewish insurgency: Haganah guerilla fighting & Irgun terror • Haganah defeat of Arab military resistance (1947-48) • UNSCOP Partition Plan • British withdraw, Ben Gurion declares new state on May 14, 1948 • Arab-Israeli war of 1948: Israel holds territory and creation of Armistice Line

  8. The Peel Commission Partition Proposal(1937)

  9. Haganah expulsion of Palestinians and Palestinian flight The Nakba (‘Catastrophe’) The refugee situation Arab Israelis Palestinians in the West Bank & Gaza—creeping colonization Palestinians in Lebanon, Jordan & Syria Nationality Law versus Right of Return The Palestinian predicament

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