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351 - Spath Gender issues in MENA

351 - Spath Gender issues in MENA. Religious Women’s attires. Niqab—Saudi Arabia & others. Hijab--Rest of MENA. Chador—Iran & some other Shi`a communities. Burqa--Afghanistan. Interpretations of the Veil. Restrictive device so men can control (common idea in the West)

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351 - Spath Gender issues in MENA

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  1. 351 - Spath Gender issues in MENA

  2. Religious Women’s attires Niqab—Saudi Arabia & others Hijab--Rest of MENA Chador—Iran & some other Shi`a communities Burqa--Afghanistan

  3. Interpretations of the Veil • Restrictive device so men can control (common idea in the West) • Indicative of class, age, ethnicity, or region • Vail as a tool of control by the state to advertise power of their belief systems • Expression of the opposition to reduce the leverage of the occupier (for example, not to conform to Western influence) • Protection from harassment and interference by others. Statement not to be objectified. No object for consumerism. • Statement of identity, especially where Muslims are minority • Social empowerment… in control

  4. Patriarchy • a system that privileges males and elders and justifies this privilege in kinship terms. This gives males legal and economic power over family members. • Extension of male dominance over women in society in general. • Represents a gender and age hierarchy based on the household as a productive unit, has been seriously challenged in recent decades by social transformations • Factors that erode foundations of patriarchy

  5. Patriarchal system • Public: • Public office • Court testimony • Dress codes • Segregated work spaces • Limitations on movement • Private: • Last names • Child custody • Divorce/marriage laws • Freedom of movement & employment

  6. How are women involved in political processes in MENA? • Fighters supporting national liberation or revolutionary movements • Women’s branches of political parties • Members of political parties & groups • Women’s organizations created in the state institutions • Participation in independent organizations (charitable societies & NGOs)

  7. Female MENA leaders Golda Meir Benazir Bhutto Tansu Ciller

  8. The MENA region

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