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351 Spath

351 Spath. Arab-Israeli conflicts. Israel/Palestine. Maps pre-1948 conflicts. Yishuv. 1947 UN Partition Plan. 1948 Israel. Egypt, Sinai, Strait of Tiran. 1956 & 1967 Wars. Results. Israel restored its image as a strong and independent state.

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351 Spath

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  1. 351 Spath Arab-Israeli conflicts

  2. Israel/Palestine

  3. Maps pre-1948 conflicts Yishuv 1947 UN Partition Plan 1948 Israel

  4. Egypt, Sinai, Strait of Tiran

  5. 1956 & 1967 Wars

  6. Results • Israel restored its image as a strong and independent state. • Israel was now three times bigger than it had been in 1966. • The pan-Arab ideas of Nasser were losing legitimacy. He took a great hit to his prestige • Israel now had the security risk of an extra 1 million Arab people inside its own borders. About 1/3 million Arabs fled to Jordan- where they were easy prey to PLO recruiters. • The status of the new territories was problematic. Should the residents get citizen status? Could you have an Israeli/Arab Palestinian? Did Israel really want all the land- especially that with inherent ownership problems (eg the Gaza Strip)? • Israel launched a huge settlement plan- to occupy the land won with people loyal to Israel.

  7. Israel before and after the six-day war 1967.

  8. 1973 Yom Kippur War

  9. Egyptian soldiers cross the canal by boat

  10. The Golan Heights. • With seeming success of Egyptian army, Syria invaded Israel from the North over the Golan Heights.

  11. 1982 invasion of Lebanon

  12. Sabra & Shatila…

  13. Israel/Palestine:Peace Process

  14. Parties involved in the peace process • On the Israeli side: • Doves: Labor, Mapam & Arab parties • Hawks: Likud, Gush Emunim & Nationalist parties • Flip-floppers: Shas • Kadima - unilateral • On the Palestinian side: • Compromisers: The Palestinian National Authority • Purists: Hamas & Islamic Jihad • The United States: see October 23rd lecture • Other: EU, UN, Russia

  15. Overview of the peace process • By the 1991 Madrid Conference: • Intifada • Gulf War • Demise of Soviet Union • Labor government in Israel • 1991-93: • The issue of settlements • Rabin’s election • 1993: Oslo I Agreement: • Mutual recognition between PLO & Israel • 5-year program for Palestinian autonomy

  16. Overview of the peace process--cont • 1994: Return of Arafat to the Occupied Territories • 1994: Israel-Jordan peace agreement • 1995: Oslo II agreement • 1995-2000: Breakdown: • Assassination of Rabin • Israeli practices against spirit & letter of accord • Arafat’s monopolization of power • Increased popularity and violent activity of Hamas • 2000-: Reversal • Election of Sharon • Second Intifada • Reinvasion of PNA territories

  17. OSLO II

  18. West Bank & Gaza

  19. Palestinian strategies for liberation • Palestinian reliance on neighbors • Palestinian self-reliance—PLO • Using neighbors’ territories—Jordan and Lebanon • Internal resistance—the two Intifada’s (1987-91, 2000-) • From rock throwing to suicide bombing • Shaking off Israeli domination: settlements, walls, confiscations & destruction, “special” taxation, roadblocks, prisons & detention, trade, feelings of inferiority, informers and fatalism. • Negotiations

  20. Conceptual issues… • Exclusivist (rejectionist) and Accommodationist • -- competing claims of 2 peoples to exclusive right of national self-determination and sovereignty on same piece of land •  single-state (exclusivist b/c undermine other) •  exclusivist-accommodationist trend (LT) • Violent and non-violent (diplomatic vs. militaristic strategies for resolution) • Positive and Negative peace • -- Negative  absence of war or direct violence • -- Positive  transformation of society w/ principles of equality, social justice, & nonviolence

  21. Some of the issues… • A bi-national state or a two-state solution? • Fixed, agreed-upon borders • Status of East Jerusalem • Jewish Settlements (land/growth) • Resource allocation (i.e. water issues) • How sovereign should the Palestinian state be? • Fate of Palestinian refugees (compensation/return) • Economic viability of Israel and Palestine

  22. Some scenarios presented previously… • Two states for two people • Greater Israel (Palestinian transfer v. Palestinians as citizens) • Greater Palestine (P. state w/ Jews as citizens) • Partial autonomy – Palestine controls civic affairs & internal security of its territories, Israel administers external security and controls land & resources • Return to pre-Oslo situation – Israeli occupation • Binational state on land of Palestine and Israel

  23. Wood carvers in Deheisheh Refugee Camp Har Homa Settlement Israeli Only Highway leading to settlement

  24. Separation Barrier

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