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Islam:

Islam:. The Peace of Surrender to the One God. Adhan (Call to Prayer). Adhan 1 Adhan 2 (w/ English subtitles) Adhan 3 (in church) Adhan 4 Adhan 5 Adhan 6 (Sky) Adhan 7 (nature scenes, w/ subtitles) Adhan 8 (“ “). Muslim Videos. Kareem Salama: Muslim Country Singer

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Islam:

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  1. Islam: The Peace of Surrender to the One God

  2. Adhan (Call to Prayer) • Adhan 1 • Adhan 2 (w/ English subtitles) • Adhan 3 (in church) • Adhan 4 • Adhan 5 • Adhan 6 (Sky) • Adhan 7 (nature scenes, w/ subtitles) • Adhan 8 (“ “)

  3. Muslim Videos • Kareem Salama: Muslim Country Singer • “Muslims Are…” • Happy British Muslims

  4. Surat al-Fatiha In the name of God, The All-Merciful, The All-Compassionate All praise belongs to God, Lord of all the Worlds, The All-Merciful, The All-Compassionate, Master of the Day of Judgement.

  5. Surat al-Fatiha You alone do we worship, and from You alone do we seek help. Guide us on the Straight Path, The path of those whom You have blessed, Not of those on whom is Your anger, Nor of those who have gone astray. Amen.

  6. Assignments • (due ., /) TEST on Judaism(Ch 12) • (due ., /) Type a 1-1½ pg. reflection paper on DVD “The Muslim Americans” • (due Tues., 4/29) Read pp. 247-251(top); write 1 pgrph on your impressions of Muhammad from text

  7. Assignments • (due Weds., 4/30) Read pp. 251-253; write one question for discussion • (due Thurs., 5/1) Read handout on Qur’an; write 1 page response based on questions for discussion and your own personal questions about the Qur’an. • (due ., /) Independent Project Proposals due! (see sheet for details)

  8. Assignments • (due Mon., 5/5) Read pp. 253-256 (middle); write at least 1 question about 1 or another pillar • (due Tues., 5/6) 1 prgh.: Do you pray? Why? How? • (due Mon., 5/12) Read pp. 256-263; write 1-2 pghs opinion on any controversial questions in Islam • (Weds., 5/14)TEST on Islam

  9. Assignments • (due Thurs., 5/15) • Write a 1-pg reflection paper about your study of other religions: What has impacted you most?/ Has it changed your own faith/spirituality? How?/ Suggestions for the future of the course? • Complete “Teacher Feedback” sheet

  10. The Foundations of Islam What IS Islam?

  11. What isIslam? • ISLAM… • MUSLIMS… • ISLAMIC…

  12. What isIslam? • Islam = “peace” • Salam (Arabic)/Shalom (Hebrew) • More literally, = “surrender” or “submission” • Implication… • Peace comes through submission to God (Allah)

  13. The Foundations of Islam The Life and Message Of Muhammed

  14. Life of Muhammed • Born c. 570 A.D. in Mecca • Meccan society: • Tribal • Mercantile • Polytheistic • Part of powerful clan, the Quresh • Orphaned early on; raised by uncle, Abu Taleb

  15. Life of Muhammed • M. becomes caravan guide • Exposed to cultures/religions, esp. monotheism of Judaism & Christianity • Meets Khadija> marries • M. repulsed by Meccans’ hypocrisy re: religion & care for poor • M. retreats more & more to pray, reflect

  16. Life of Muhammed • 610 A.D. “Night of Power and Excellence” • Angel Gabriel appears during prayer • Commands M.: “Recite”! • M. protests; he knows not how to recite • Gabriel tells M what to recite… beginning of dictation of Qur’an

  17. The Foundations of Islam: The Qur’an: Islam’s Sacred Presence

  18. The Qur’an • Center of Islamic faith on earth • Size: about 4/5 size of New Testament • Structured in 114 chapters or surahs • Originally written in Arabic

  19. The Qur’an • Qur’an means, literally, “reading” or “recitation” • From Angel Gabriel’s command: “Recite!”

  20. The Qur’an • Believed to have been revealed miraculously by God • ALLAH > MUHAMMED> EARLY DISCIPLES (written form) • Revealed & written in Arabic • Governs every aspect of life

  21. The Qur’an Express 7 basic beliefs about: • Allah • He is One • All predestined by Him • Revelation through • Angels • Human messengers(prophets) • Books(Jewish, Christian, Qur’an) • Human Destiny • Afterlife • Judgement

  22. The Qur’an: How to read it?

  23. The Qur’an Discuss Qur’an’s attitude toward: • Unbelievers • Violence toward enemies • Image of God How do these attitudes compare with those of other faiths?

  24. The Foundations of Islam The Life and Message Of Muhammed

  25. Life of Muhammed • 622 A.D. The Hijra • M.’s migration from Mecca to Yathrib • Importance: basis for all dates in Muslim calendar (Anno Hegirae, “in the year of the Hijra”)

  26. Message of Muhammed • M referred to as the “Seal of the Prophets” • Prophets= link betw Allah and humankind • Some “lesser” or prior prophets: eg. Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus • M = “seal”, ie. the final prophet • M reveals fully, precisely and for all time the will of Allah

  27. Message of Muhammed • Sunna of the Prophet: • Means “custom” • =M’s actions and his own sayings or “hadith” • Second most important authority in Islam

  28. 5 Pillars of Islam

  29. Shahada The Confession of Faith • “La ilaha illa’Llah. Muhammadur rasulu’Llah” (“There is no god except God. Muhammad is the messenger of God.”) • Core: • Oneness of God (Monotheism) • Uniqueness of Muhammad

  30. SalatRitual Prayer • 5 times a day: • Dawn • Noon • Mid-afternoon • Sunset • Night • At home or in masjid (mosque)

  31. SalatRitual Prayer • Friday Service (Jummah) in mosque: • Sermon (khutbah) • Noon prayer

  32. SawmFasting during Ramadan • Entire month, from sunrise to sunset • Abstinence from food, drink, sex, smoking, etc. • Ramadan shifts– lunar calendar

  33. ZakatSharing of Wealth with Poor • 2.5 % of value of possessions • The Poor are exempt • Zakat is a form of worship • Fosters habits of generosity

  34. HajjPilgrimage to Mecca • Journey in imitation of prophet • Umma clearly felt/experienced • Obligatory for all who can make the trip

  35. Islam: Practices & Teachings The Umma: The Community of Muslims

  36. The Community of Muslims • The community or Umma =all Muslims • Shari’ah = divine law (from Qur’an) that unites all Muslims • Governments of some countries (eg. Saudi Arabia, Iran, Pakistan) based on Shari’a

  37. The Varieties of Islam Sects & Movements in Islam

  38. Are there “sects” in Islam? Qur’an Hadith & Sunna (Sayings & Actions of Prophet) (Mahtaphs) Various Schools of Thought (Opinions of Legal Scholars)

  39. Sunni & Shi’a • Islam divided into 2 major “sects”: Sunni Shi’ite Muslims Muslims

  40. Sunni Muslims • = a little less than 90% of Muslims • Sunni, from those who follow sunnaor “custom” of the prophet

  41. Sunni Muslims • Leadership: Caliph elected from tribe of Muhammed • Dominant in Saudi Arabia, Syria, Indonesia, most African countries

  42. Shi’ite Muslims • = about 10% of Muslims • shi’i from “shi’at Ali” or partisans of Ali, the son-in-law of M. • Leadership: Imam(vs. caliph) as direct descendent of Ali • Dominant in Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Kuwait, Pakistan

  43. Sufism • Not a separate sect of Islam, but a special brotherhood • Sufi from suf, = “wool” • Sufis = “woolwearers”, from their special robes • Focus on inner, mystical experience of Allah

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