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Acid Rain

Acid Rain. All life needs water to survive, but sometimes that water is itself harmful. Acid Rain Objectives. Explain how rain can become acidified Explain the damage done to life and structures by acid rain Design a lab to determine what type of rock is the least affected by acid rain

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Acid Rain

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  1. Acid Rain All life needs water to survive, but sometimes that water is itself harmful

  2. Acid Rain Objectives • Explain how rain can become acidified • Explain the damage done to life and structures by acid rain • Design a lab to determine what type of rock is the least affected by acid rain • Define and identify acids & bases based on formula and properties • Determine the strength of an acid or base using pH • Recognize health issues if your body pH is off

  3. Water Cycle

  4. What makes rain acidic? Acid Rain is rain water that has been contaminated by an acid-forming gas

  5. How acidic something is, is measured by its pH • Pure Water has a pH of 7 • Normal Rain water has a pH of 5.6 (slightly acidic due to the CO2 in the air) • “Acid” Rain has a pH lower than 5.6 (Usually between 4.5 and 5.5)

  6. What causes Acid Rain?Natural Causes Volcanoes Lightening Bolts Forrest Fires

  7. What causes Acid Rain?Human Causes Power Plants (especially coal burning ones) Factories Vehicles

  8. These give off SOx and NOx! • SO2 + H2O  H2SO3(sulfurous acid) • SO3 + H2O  H2SO4(sulfuric acid) • NOx + H2O  HNO3(nitrous acid)

  9. What happens to life when exposed to acid rain? Over time….. • Lakes and rivers can become so acidic that fish eggs and other marine life are killed • Soil can become so acidic that plants lose their leaves or needles and die

  10. What happens to structures when exposed to acid rain? Over time….. • The acid reacts with metals corroding them • The acid reacts with some types of stone eroding it.

  11. Think, Pair, Share How come this is considered a Global Issue? (Hint: Why would Canada care how much pollution the factories in the USA give off?)

  12. Does the rain fall where the pollution is made?

  13. Lab Time! Design a Lab to determine what rock type is least affected by acid rain!

  14. More About Acids and Bases! Acid – ionic compound that produces hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. Base – ionic compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water

  15. ACIDS The formula for an acid starts with an H. (Example: HCl) Stronger acid = more hydrogen (H+) ions

  16. Acetic acid HC2H3O2 Vinegar Carbonic acid H2CO3 Carbonated beverages Hydrochloric acid HCI Digestive juices in stomach Nitric acid HNO3 Fertilizer production Phosphoric acid H3PO4 Fertilizer production Sulfuric acid H2SO4 Car batteries

  17. Add Base to Water OH- Na+ OH- Na+ Na+ OH- OH- Na+ BASES The formula for a base ends with an OH. (Ex: NaOH) NaOH  Na+ + OH- Stronger base = more hydroxide (OH-) ions And fewer H+ ions

  18. Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 Deodorant, antacid Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Concrete, plaster Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 Antacid, laxative Sodium hydroxide NaOH Drain cleaner, soap production

  19. WATER Water is H2O but can be written HOH! A small number of the molecules can ionize: HOH  H+ + OH- Since it makes equal amounts of H+ and OH- it is neither and acid nor a base…. Its NEUTRAL!

  20. Acids Bases • Characteristics of Acids • Tastes sour • Reacts strongly with metals • Conducts electricity in water • Indicator turns red • Characteristics of Bases • Tastes bitter • Conducts electricity in water • Turns red litmus paper blue • Generally slippery feel • Indicator turns blue Examples of Bases *Lye (NaOH) *Ca(OH)2 *KOH *Ammonia* Bleach Examples of Acids Vinegar HC2H3O2 Citrus fruits HC6H7O7 Stomach acid (HCl)

  21. Neutralization HCl + NaOH  HOH + NaCl (Hydrochloric Acid) + (Sodium Hydroxide) (Water) + (Salt) Acid & Base salt & water

  22. Sodium chloride NaCl Food flavoring, preservative Sodium carbonate Na2CO3 Used to make glass Potassium chloride KCl Used as a salt substitute to reduce dietary intake of sodium Potassium iodide Kl Added to table salt to prevent iodine deficiency Magnesium chloride MgCl2 De-icer for roads Calcium carbonate CaCO3 Chalk, marble floors, and tables Ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 Fertilizer, cold packs

  23. pH Scale Measure of hydrogen (H+) ion concentration (The lower the pH, the more H+ ions.)

  24. What do these pH measurements show us about acid rain?

  25. D Re Aci B ase lue Neutral – pH = 7 Acid – pH = 0-6 Base – pH = 8-14 Demo Time!!

  26. pH Matters!The Human Body: Enzymes • Most enzymes work best at pH 7.2 (normal body pH) Exceptions include: • Pepsin (in stomach)  acidic environment (pH of 2) • Pancreatic Amylase (in intestine)  basic environment (8.2) Think about it… What organs maintain the pH within your body?

  27. Alkalosis vs. Acidosis Alkalosis – The body fluids have excess base. Acidosis – The body fluids have too much acid. These tend to cause an imbalance between the CO2 and the sodium carbonate in your body.

  28. Symptoms of Alkalosis

  29. Acidosis

  30. Works Cited www.chem4kids.com www.pasco.com faculty.fmcc.suny.edu creekconnections.allegheny.edu www.lcesc.k12.oh.us www.tennislifemagazine.com Physical Science Concepts In Action Textbook

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