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Cells : the basic units of life

Cells : the basic units of life. SBI3C Ms. De Sousa. Animal C ell. Cytoplasm. mitochondria. Smooth ER. Plasma membrane. Nucleus. Ribosomes. Rough ER. Centrioles. Vacuole. Golgi Apparatus. Plasma Membrane. Semi-permeable

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Cells : the basic units of life

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  1. Cells: the basic units of life SBI3C Ms. De Sousa

  2. Animal Cell Cytoplasm mitochondria Smooth ER Plasma membrane Nucleus Ribosomes Rough ER Centrioles Vacuole Golgi Apparatus

  3. Plasma Membrane • Semi-permeable • The membrane isfluidbecause all of the parts within the membrane are alwaysmoving

  4. Plasma Membrane • Made up of phospholipids • Phospholipids are arefattyacidsthat have a hydrophilicheadand hyrophobictail. • Due to itsproperties the phospholipids come together as a bilayer.

  5. Nucleus • Control centre of the cell • Enclosed in a mebrane« nuclearenvelope » • Pores suround the membrane • Inside of the nucleus thereisDNA.

  6. Ribosomes • Organelles that help to makeproteins • Float in cytoplasm or attachedto the ER

  7. EndoplasmicReticulum (ER) • Membranous tubes thatconnect to the nuclearenvelope • Rough ER: attached to ribosomes. Producesproteins • Smooth ER: no ribosomes. Producesfats • All of the productsfrom the ER are enclosed in vesicles

  8. Vesicles • Formwhen the membrane of ER pinches off • Theytraveltowards the golgi apparatus Vesicles tend to carry molecules to different locations in the cell.

  9. GolgiApparatus • Composed of manytubes • Changes fats and proteinsproduced in the ER • Packaged contents intovesicles

  10. Lysosomes • Formed by the golgi • Containenzymesthat help break down foreignmaterial, extracellular contents and damaged organelles. • Apoptosis: when the lysosome breaks down organellesthat are no longer functional

  11. Mitochondria • Undergocellular respiration • Producesenergy (ATP) for the cell • Contains 2 membranes: outermembrane and inner membrane (cristae) • Most reactionsoccur in the matrix

  12. Plant Cell Smooth ER Nucleus Large Vacuole Rough ER Cytoplasm mitochondria Plasma membrane Golgi Apparatus Cellwall Chloroplast

  13. Chloroplast • Containtwomembrnaes (outer and inner) • Thylakoids–membranous sacs that are stacked to form Grana. • Involved in photosynthesis • Stroma – fluidinside the chloroplast

  14. Large Vacuole • Membrane bound sac filledwithwatery solution • The pressure inside the vacuole helpskeep the plant cellrigid • Whenthereis not enough water in the plants, the vacuole deflates and the plant cellsbecomeflaccid.

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