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The Anglo-Saxons: 449–1066 Introduction to the Literary Period

The Anglo-Saxons: 449–1066 Introduction to the Literary Period. Feature Menu. Interactive Time Line Milestone: The Celts in Britain Milestone: The Roman Occupation Milestone: The Anglo-Saxon Invasion Milestone: King Alfred against the Danes Milestone: The Spread of Christianity

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The Anglo-Saxons: 449–1066 Introduction to the Literary Period

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  1. The Anglo-Saxons: 449–1066Introduction to the Literary Period Feature Menu Interactive Time Line Milestone: The Celts in Britain Milestone: The Roman Occupation Milestone: The Anglo-Saxon Invasion Milestone: King Alfred against the Danes Milestone: The Spread of Christianity Milestone: The Norman Invasion What Have You Learned?

  2. The Anglo-Saxons: 449–1066 Choose a link on the time line to go to a milestone. A.D. 1066 Norman Invasion 300s B.C. Celts in Britain A.D. 449 Anglo-Saxon Invasion 55 B.C–A.D.409 Roman Occupation A.D.878 King Alfred against the Danes A.D. 1 A.D. 300 A.D. 900 A.D. 1200 300 B.C. A.D. 600 A.D. 400–699 Spread of Christianity

  3. The Celts in Britain Before and during the 4th century B.C. • Britain home to several Celtic tribes • Britain named for one Celtic tribe—the Brythons • Celtic religion a form of animism • Druids were Celtic priests Stonehenge

  4. Stonehenge Archaeologists believe it was built anywhere from 3000 BC to 2000 BC

  5. The Roman Occupation 55 B.C. Hadrian’s Wall – North England Julius Caesar invades Britain A.D. 43 Celts defeated by Claudius • Romans build walls, villas, baths, roads A.D. 409 Romans evacuate their troops • Britain left vulnerable to attack • Central government breaks down Romanruins

  6. The Anglo-Saxon Invasion Jutes Angles Saxons Celts A.D. 449 The Anglo-Saxons push the Celts into the far west of the country.

  7. The Anglo-Saxon Invasion • Why did the Anglo-Saxons settle in England? • England was inviting to outsiders: • Mild climate • Rich easily-tilled soil • Safe anchorage for invading ships Jutes Angles Saxons Celts

  8. The Anglo-Saxon Invasion Anglo-Saxon Society • kinship groups led by strong warrior chief • people farmed, established local governments, produced fine craftwork • English emerged as a written language

  9. The Anglo-Saxon Invasion • Tribal society –warrior kings-led their men into battle • Always rival warriors within the tribe • King gathered around him a retinue of fighting men called thanes • Endless feuds between individuals and between tribes Jutes Angles Saxons Celts

  10. The Anglo-Saxon Invasion • Royal living quarters were a small cluster of wooden buildings surrounded by a stockade • Main structure was the Mead hall • Mead is a fermented drink made of water, honey, malt, and yeast Jutes Angles Saxons Celts

  11. The Anglo-Saxon Invasion • Here the king, thanes, wives, and servants gathered. • Singer called a scop entertained with stories of heroism. • Warriors slept here after king retired to a different building. Jutes Angles Saxons Celts

  12. Anglo Saxon values • Gold/treasure • Comitatus – king and thanes/warriors tied to one another King shares spoils of war, warriors obligated to fight for him • Loyalty • Bravery • Fate = Wyrd

  13. Mead hall

  14. The Anglo-Saxon Invasion Page from Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Old English

  15. Exeter book • A tenth-century book or codex which is an anthology of Anglo-Saxon poetry. • Survived in Exeter Cathedral library • Among the other texts in the Exeter Book, there are over ninety riddles.

  16. Norse god Anglo-Saxon god Day of week Odin Woden Thor Thunor The Anglo-Saxon Invasion The Anglo-Saxon religion • offered no hope of an afterlife • valued earthly virtues of bravery, loyalty, generosity, and friendship • similar to what we call Norse mythology Wednesday Thursday

  17. The Anglo-Saxon Invasion The Anglo-Saxon bards • called scops • strummed harp as they sang • sang of heroic deeds • were often warriors Why were the scops important? • Anglo-Saxons did not believe in afterlife • warriors gained immortality through songs Anglo-Saxon harp

  18. King Alfred against the Danes 8th–9th centuries Vikings called Danes invade Britain 871Alfred of Wessex is king of England. 878King Alfred unifies Anglo-Saxons against the Danes. • King Sweyn and his Danish troops arrive in England, from a manuscript (c. 14th century) • England becomes a nation.

  19. Vikings8th centuryInvaded from across the North sea from Denmark and Norway867-877 Vikings invaded and took over most of northeast and central England Jutes Angles Saxons Celts

  20. The Spread of Christianity Around A.D. 400 • Christian monks settle in Britain • Christianity and Anglo-Saxon culture co-exist 597 St. Augustine sent from Rome by A.D. 699 • British pagan religions replaced by Christianity

  21. The Norman Invasion 1066 • William of Normandy crosses the English Channel • William defeats Harold and Anglo-Saxon army • French replaces English as the language of the ruling class The Norman Invasion, Bayeux Tapestry

  22. What Have You Learned? Indicate whether the following statements refer to the time before,during, or after the Anglo-Saxon era. ______ Viking invaders terrorized England. ______ French became the language of the ruling class. ______ England became unified under Alfred the Great. ______ Animism was the primary religious belief. during after during before

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