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Chapter 6: Section 4: Organic and Biochemical Compounds

Chapter 6: Section 4: Organic and Biochemical Compounds. Organic Compounds. Organic Compound – a covalently bonded compound that contains carbon Carbons form 4 covalent bonds in organic compounds. Types of Organic Compounds. Hydrocarbons – a compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon

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Chapter 6: Section 4: Organic and Biochemical Compounds

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  1. Chapter 6:Section 4: Organic and Biochemical Compounds

  2. Organic Compounds • Organic Compound – a covalently bonded compound that contains carbon • Carbons form 4 covalent bonds in organic compounds

  3. Types of Organic Compounds • Hydrocarbons – a compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon • Ex) CH4 (or methane) • Alkanes – a compound with only single covalent bonds • Ex) CH4 – (or methane) • In alkanes, the number of Hydrogens is two more than twice the number of Carbons

  4. Types of Organic Compounds • Alkenes – double carbon to carbon bonds • Ethene: • Alcohols have an –OH group (hydroxyl) • Methanol: CH3OH

  5. Polymers • Polymer – a molecule that is a long chain of smaller molecules (monomers) • Has repeated subunits • Ex) polyethylene is made of many units of ethene • Ethene is the monomer that makes up the polymer

  6. Polymer • Can be natural or synthetic • Rubber, DNA are natural polymers • Plastic is a synthetic polymer • Structure determines elasticity • If it is made of long chains, it is flexible but not elastic (milk jugs) • If it is made of connecting and branching chains, it is stretchy (rubber bands)

  7. Biochemical Compounds • Compounds essential to life • Include carbohydrates, proteins, and DNA

  8. Carbohydrates • Carbohydrates – class of molecules that includes sugars, starches, and fiber • Contains hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen • Mashed potatoes and candy

  9. Proteins • Proteins – organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids • Principal component of all cells (provide structure and function) • Hair • Amino Acid – a class of simple organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group (-COOH) and an amino group (-NH2)

  10. DNA • DNA – polymer that stores information • Contains C, H, O, N, P • Consists of paired strands that are twisted into a double helix • DNA is the information your cells use to make proteins

  11. Lab Analysis • What happens when it is stretched or rolled into a ball and bounced? • Compare the properties of the glue with the properties of the goo? • Does the material have the properties of a polymer?

  12. Answer these about yesterday’s lab on the back of your quizlet. • What happens to the goo when it is stretched or rolled into a ball and bounced? • Compare the properties of glue and the goo • Does the goo have the properties of a polymer? Explain.

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