RURAL ELECTRIFICATION BY SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS

1. RURAL ELECTRIFICATION BY SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS DR.S.M.ALI PUNYASHREE PATTANAYAK KIIT UNIVERSITY BHUBANESWAR

2. CONTENTS • INDIAN SCENARIO • NEED FOR RURAL ELECTRICATION • NEED OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION • TYPICAL CONTEXT OF POWER NEEDS IN RURAL AREAS • OPTIONS FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION IN INDIA • COMPARISION OF GRID COST(Rs/kWh), PV, DIESEL • HOMER APPLICATION IN PV DESIGN • EMISSION ANALYSIS

3. INDIAN SCENARIO • India-World’s 4th largest Energy Consumer • The electricity sector in India had an installed capacity of 223.625 GW as on April 2013 • Captive Power plant generates additional of 34.44 GW • Non Renewable power plant constitute 87.55% of installed capacity • Renewable power constitute 12.45% of installed capacity • Per capita average annual consumption in India-96 kWh in rural and 288 kWh in urban areas • Domestic sector constitutes major energy demand and its consumption accounts for 60 percent of energy used. The main energy sources are coal and oil, whilst hydro, wind, nuclear and biomass provide additional sources.

4. NEED FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION They are located in difficult terrain areas like forests, hill areas and deserts. • The number of households may range between 2 to 200, with a majority of villages having a population below 500. • 60% of the 5 67000 villages in India have a population of 500 and under and 8% of these are inaccessible. • Power demand in villages is quite low due to dispersed distribution of loads. Also rural domestic consumers are mainly peak time consumers, contributing for poor load factors of 0.2-0.3.

5. NEED OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION • Both the traditional energy and commercial energy are in short supply and the demand supply gap is in increase. • Pressure on traditional energy resources such as wood is continuously increasing due to growing population. • Heavy dependence on commercial fuels such as coal and oil as a short term measure for meeting increasing demand is alarming in view of depleting fossil fuels and pollution. • Energy supply to far–off rural areas is associated with high transportation and transmission losses of about 22.4%.

6. TYPICAL CONTEXT OF POWER NEEDS IN RURAL AREAS Typical load profile in rural areas

7. OPTIONS FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION IN INDIA

8. HOMER APPLICATION IN PV DESIGN

9. COST ASSOCIATED WITH THE SET UP

10. ANNUALIZED COST OF THE SET UP

11. ENERGY PRODUCTION DUE TO DIFFERENT SOURCES

12. PV SIMULATION RESULT FOR A YEAR DATA

13. SIMULATION RESULT OF WIND MILL FOR A YEAR

14. SIMULATION RESULT OF THE GENERATOR

15. SIMULATION RESULT OF THE BATTERY BANK

16. SIMULATION RESULT OF CONVERTER INVERTER SIMULATION RESULT FOR A YEAR RECTIFIRE SIMULATION RESULT FOR A YEAR

17. EMISSION ANALYSIS

18. CONCLUSION Renewable energy sources especially Solar energy are the best option for the rural electrification.

19. REFERENCES • Kamalapur G D, Udaykumar R Y, “Electrification in rural areas of India and consideration of SHS”, 5th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems, ICIIS 2010, Jul 29 - Aug 01, 2010 • Ai Bin, Yang Hongxing, ShenHui and Liao Xiaobo, “Computer aided design for PV/wind hybrid system,” Proceeding of 3td World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Vol. 3, pp.2411-2414, May, 2003. • Belfkira R, Hajji O, Nichita C and Barakat G, “Optimal sizing of standalone hybrid wind/PV system with battery storage,” European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, pp.1-10, Sept, 2007. • Bernard J.: Energiesolaire: calculs et optimisation. Ellipses-Paris,pp 53-93,2004