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Renewable Energy Option for Sustainable Rural Electrification in Indonesia

Renewable Energy Option for Sustainable Rural Electrification in Indonesia. Chayun Budiono PT Gerbang Multindo Nusantara APEC Village Power Workshop Canterbury, New Zealand November 7-9, 2004. Agenda. Situation faced Major RET Development Case Study. Indonesia in Profile*). Sea area :

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Renewable Energy Option for Sustainable Rural Electrification in Indonesia

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  1. Renewable Energy Option for Sustainable Rural Electrification in Indonesia Chayun Budiono PT Gerbang Multindo Nusantara APEC Village Power Workshop Canterbury, New Zealand November 7-9, 2004

  2. Agenda • Situation faced • Major RET Development • Case Study

  3. Indonesia in Profile*) • Sea area : 7 900 000 km2 • Land area : 1 900 000 km2 • Population : 212 Million • Provinces : 31 • District : 302 • Sub-district : 4 918 • Village : 70 460 • Islands : 17 000 Currency : Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) 1 USD  8500 IDR All figures are approximation only *) Central Bureau of Statistics 2003 Average : 700 houses/village Urban: 1000-2000 h/village Rural : 300 – 500 h/village

  4. Energy Reserve in Indonesia Fossil • Fuel Oil*) : 5.00 Billion Barrels (0.5%) • Gas *) : 2.05 Trillion m3 (1.4%) • Coal *) : 5.22 Billion Ton (0.5%) Renewable • Hydro : 75.0 GW • Biomass : 470 Million GJ/year • Solar Energy : 5.0 kWh/m2.day • Wind & Wave : Potential along South Coast of Java *) Proven Reserve as of 2000; percentage to the world reserve.

  5. Annual Electricity Demand (GWh)

  6. Concept Shifting • Centralized into Distributed • Large Scale into a Sustainable Small Scale • Top down into Bottom-up Approach • Investment justification considers also economic viability and “energy for services”

  7. Profile of Rural Electrification Estimated number of unelectrified rural households: 20 Million December 2003 Electrification Ratio 54% Urban 40% Rural 60%

  8. RE Sources for Rural Electrification • Pico and Micro Hydro • Solar Photovoltaic System • Biomass Energy System • Wind Energy Conversion • Hybrid

  9. Typical Photovoltaic Applications • Solar home system (SHS), 50 - 200 Wp • Drinking water & small irrigation pumping, 1 - 5 kWp • Hybrid System, e.g. diesel & wind, 10 - 100 kWp • Rural telecommunication 0.5 - 2 kWp • Navigation aid, up to 500 Wp

  10. Installed PV System*) • Total Installed : 5,000 kWp • Solar Home System : 3,500 kWp • Hybrid System : 1,000 kWp • Others : 500 kWp *) estimated a.o. 2003

  11. Solar Home System (SHS) 50 ~ 300 Wp

  12. Typical Standard of PV-SHS For 50Wp system delivers electricity 180-200 Wh/day

  13. PV-Diesel Hybrid System Size Range 15-75 kWp

  14. Typical Rural Electricity Load Profile

  15. Potential of PV-Diesel Hybrid Market Total Diesel Identified 3,000 units Potential for PV-D Hybrid 1,000 units PV capacity 46 MWp

  16. Economic Potential of Biomass

  17. Rice Mill - smallholders Electricity : 6 kWh Thermal : .. kWh Rice ~ 360 kg 1 ton wet paddy Rice Husk ~ 80 kg ~ 40 kWh-el ~ 120 kWh-th

  18. Electricity : 25~30 kWh 0,5 m3 Sawn Timber 1 m3 Log Waste 0,45 m3 ~ 500 kWh-th ~ 100 kWh-el Sawmill - smallholders

  19. Case of Smallholder Sawmills • Number of Establishments : 710 units • Total log supply : 6,2 Million m3 Per-sawmill average • Unit Capacity : 30 m3-log/day • Waste Production per-unit : 13,5 m3/day (45%) • Generation of electricity : 1,35 MWh/day • Generating Power : 100 kW (12 h/day)

  20. Smallholder Profiles • Sawmill Capacity (typical) : 20 - 40 m3-log/day • Power Demand : 60 kW • Working Hours : 10 hrs/day • Electricity Consumption : 600 kWh/day • Waste Generation Potential : 1.35 MWh/day ------------- ( :: 2 times more than consumption )

  21. Typical RE Technology Type : Down draft Capacity : 40 - 100 kW Biomass Consumption 1,2 - 1,4 kg/kWh Wood Gasification 50 kVA

  22. Cost Structure of El. Generation Waste Cost : Rp. 0,-/m3 Waste Cost : Rp. 50.000,-/m3

  23. Off Grid Micro-hydro at Dewata Storage Pond Intake & Sandtrap Penstock Powerhouse Headrace Canal

  24. Project Data • ‘Run of the River’ Scheme with enlarged forebay/storage • Flow control without ballast using the DTC-Vario system • Design Flow:600 l/s • Net head: 62.4 m • Design capacity:250 kW • Annual production: 925 000 kWh • Percentage of demand: > 90 %

  25. Penstock • The penstock has a total length of 195 m and a gross head of 65.4 m. • Spiral-welded steel pipe with a diameter of 600 mm

  26. Electro-mechanical equipment • Two locally manufactured Crossflow turbines entec T-14-300 • Synchronous generators: Hitzinger, Austria

  27. Unit Energy cost in Dewata

  28. Managerial Capacity Dedicated Resources • Willingness and ability to pay • Community participation • Operated by trained local community • Simple maintenance and operating procedure • Availability of spare parts Management Reliable and Environmentally Sound Security of sufficient income Technical System Consumer • It satisfies the electricity demand of the consumer • It guarantees quality and continuous supply of electricity Sustainable Development Scheme

  29. BOOT & Revolving Fund Model Financial Source (Bank, Private Investors, Cooperative, donors, etc.) Kalimaron on-grid micro-hydro Energy Cooperative (KOPENINDO) 75% 25% Local Community ESCO (100%) Local Community ESCO Local Community ESCO RED Program and ESCO Development

  30. Basic Concept • To provide electricity for community at the Hamlet of Janjing • Develop local income generating activities, i.e. kapok processing and waste paper recycling • Sell excess electricity through the utility grid

  31. On-grid Kalimaron Micro-hydro • Output (P) 30 kW • Debit (Q) 300 liter /second • Net head (Hn) 14 meter • Intake Stone Masonry diversion weir • Open channel head race 150 m/ Underground PVC pipe 70m • Penstock Pipe Rolled steel - 300mm diameter / 45 m

  32. Generating & Interconnecting Sets • Locally Manufactured Cross Flow Turbine Type ENTEC T-14 • Generator 40 kVa AvK Synchronous • Controller Electronic Load Controller (ELC) • Locally assembled Mainscon Synch. & Protection Unit

  33. Results • It generates electricity of approximately 180.000 kWh/year and average power generation of 21 kW; Monthly revenue generated: • Payment from community : IDR 2 Million • Payment from Utility : IDR 5 Million Monthly Expenditure • Operation & Maintenance : IDR 1.5 Million • Revolving Fund Repayment : IDR 3.5 Million Average Monthly Income : IDR 2 Million

  34. Lessons • A key success of micro-hydro project at Kalimaron is community participation, reliable community organization (PKM), and the availability of a fund for sustainable operation; • It generates surplus of income of IDR 2 Million per month; • It generates awareness of the community to maintain the surrounding environment and catchment areas.

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