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RISK ASSESSMENT AND WORKERS PARTICIPATION

RISK ASSESSMENT AND WORKERS PARTICIPATION. IPA Programme 2010 on HRD. Workshop Modern OSH legislation. 20-22 June 2012 Tirana, Albania. HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT IPA National Programme for Albania. Overall objective

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RISK ASSESSMENT AND WORKERS PARTICIPATION

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  1. RISK ASSESSMENT AND WORKERS PARTICIPATION IPA Programme 2010 on HRD Workshop Modern OSH legislation 20-22 June 2012 Tirana, Albania

  2. HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENTIPA National Programme for Albania Overall objective • To identify the main tools for implementation of the obligations set by the EU directives • To explain what are the main steps of risk management and how they can help to implement the principles set by the EU framework directive Specific objectives • Use the general principles of prevention as a milestone for producing quality OSH legislation • Describe the main tools provided by the Framework Directive, particularly risk assessment and the role of workers and their representatives in OSH management

  3. Principles underlying risk management • Most hazardous conditions at work are preventable • Occupational accidents and diseases can be managed • Prevention is preferred to protection • Proactive approaches are preferred to reactive approaches • Actions on the working environment are preferred to actions on individuals

  4. Main duties and rights of stakeholders • Employers are the main duty-holders under OSH legislation • Their duty of care and liability for their employees is overriding duties, which means that they should take reasonable care for their worker’s safety and healthin all circumstances

  5. Main duties and rights of stakeholders • Workers are required to cooperate with their employer in protecting their own and third parties’ safety and health especially: • Making correct use of machinery, apparatus, tools, etc. and personal protective equipment • Following the safety procedures • Refraining from disconnecting, changing or removing arbitrarily safety devices • Informing on hazards and risks

  6. Provisions of the EU framework Directive • The employer shall have a duty to ensure the safety and health of workers in every aspect related to the work. (Art. 5.1) • The workers' obligations in the field of safety and health at work shall not affect the principle of the responsibility of the employer. (Art. 5.3)

  7. Tools provided by the EU framework Directive • Hierarchy of prevention principles • Organization of protective and preventive services • Emergency services/ designated workers • Risk assessment • Mandatory documents • Information, consultation and participation of workers and their representatives • Training • Health surveillance

  8. Risk management Risk management is the sequence of sequential steps

  9. Concepts hazard? YES • A hazard is an agent, condition or activity with potential to cause harm that, if left uncontrolled, may adversely affect the well-being or health of exposed people • A risk is a combination of the likely severity and probability that somebody will actually be harmed by a specific hazard Acceptablerisk?

  10. 1. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION • The process of finding and identifying hazardous agents/situations/products that could contribute to provoking an occupational accident or/and disease as well as the groups of workers potentially exposed to these hazards MAIN OBJECTIVES • To establish what dangerous situations exist within a plant or a process operation • To establish how these dangerous situations may come about • To assist in the risk assessment and to make decisions on hazard control

  11. SOURCES FOR HAZARD IDENTIFICATION • OSH legislation, codes of practice, guidance documents provided by national and international institutions and organizations • Information from national, sectoral or enterprises statistics on the prevalent occupational accident or/and diseases and the hazards involved • Information or safety data sheets provided by manufacturers and suppliers of machinery, equipment, tools, products and substances • Information from the workers, workers’ representatives and joint OSH committee through consultations, observations, complaints, etc

  12. SOURCES FOR HAZARD IDENTIFICATION • Workplace and job inspections and analysis • Review of history of accidents (including incidents and “near misses”) and occupational illnesses, accident/disease investigations and data from workers' health surveillance, undertaken in the enterprise or in other enterprises • Advice, opinions and judgment of competent internal and external OSH professionals

  13. STEPS FOR HAZARD IDENTIFICATION • When possible, hazards should be identified in the planning or design of new plants or processes • Hazard identification should be documented in a consistent manner, providing useful info on: • where it is happening (environment) • who or what it is happening to (exposure) • what precipitates the hazard (trigger) • the outcome that would occur should it happen (consequence); and, • any other contributing factors

  14. 2. RISK ASSESSMENT • Risk assessment is the process of estimation and evaluation of all the risks associated with each hazard identified • The risk associated with a hazard is a combination of: • the severity of the harm (CONSEQUENCES) and • the probability (LIKELIHOOD) that the event will occur.

  15. Risk assessment: an example of how to do it (i) A possible technique includes 5 steps: 1st step: Estimate the probability of each hazard – previously identified – according to its likelihood of occurrence (very likely; likely; quite possible; possible; not likely) and assign the quantitative value accordingly. 2nd step: Estimate the severity of each hazard according to its potential of the harm (very high, high; moderate; slight; nil) and assign the quantitative value accordingly.

  16. 3rd step: Once the probability and the severity of the hazard is determined, by multiplying these two factors, a range of risk ratings between 1 and 25 will be obtained RISK ASSESSMENT GRID

  17. Risk assessment: an example of how to do it (iii) 4th step: Risk evaluation, criterion of actions: • Urgent situation (20 to 25) requires action immediately • High-risk situations (10 to 16) require action in the short and medium-term • Medium-risk situations (5 to 9) require action or further evaluation within an appropriate period • Low-risk situations (less than 5) may require relatively little or no action 5th step: After the comparison with the criterion for action, the risks are assigned a priority for risk control through the use of a risk rating

  18. 3. RISK PREVENTION AND CONTROL • Risk control is the process of implementing measures to reduce the risk associated with a hazard. It includes three operations: • Decision-making • Implementation • Monitoring

  19. 3. RISK PREVENTION AND CONTROL Control hierarchy International standards Framework EU Directive • Elimination or substitution of hazards • Reducing hazards through good design • Technical and engineering controls • Administrative controls • Personal Protective Equipment • Avoid risks • Evaluate risks which cannot be avoided • Combat risks at source • Adapt work to the worker • Adapt to technical progress • Replace dangerous by non or less dangerous • Develop coherent and systemic prevention policy • Preference to collective protection • Inform workers

  20. 3. RISK PREVENTION AND CONTROL 1 3 COLECTIVE PROTECTION ELIMINATION 2 PPE 4 5 SUBSTITUTION ORGANIZATION

  21. 3. RISK PREVENTION AND CONTROL Implementation • Implementation should be nominated providing adequate resources and a reasonable timeframe • Information to the workforce on: • Information on any new control measures implemented and how to use them • Any emergency procedures developed • The employees duties

  22. RISK PREVENTION AND CONTROL Implementation • Monitoring: Ensures that measures are being implemented. Specially important when: • personal protective equipment • administrative or technical and engineering controls • Review: Ensures that the assessment is still effective in reducing risk.

  23. RISK MANAGEMENT FLOW 1. Assemble assessment team 2. Visit site, and identify hazards 3. Evaluate severity of hazard (1 - 5) 4. Evaluate likelihood of occurrence (1 - 5) 5. Combine severity + likelihood values to express RISK (1 - 25)

  24. RISK MANAGEMENT FLOW 6. Compare rating with a criterion 7. Assign priorities 8. Implement Controls. Control Hierarchy. 9. Information to the workers 10. Monitoring and review

  25. EXAMPLE No. 1

  26. EXAMPLE No. 2 A company in Denmark specializes in the manufacture of off-site bathroom units for hotels. The units are absolutely complete when they leave the factory, and are transported by road to the site.

  27. WORKERS PARTICIPATIOn Articles 10 to 12 Framework Directive

  28. DIFFERENT LEVELS INFORMATION TRAINING CONSULTATION Involvement of workers and workers representatives

  29. DIFFERENT TARGET GROUPS (ART. 10 Directive 89/391) a) Workers/ representatives • Obligation of the employer to provide to workers and their representatives • information on: • risks, preventive and protective measures in respect of the workplace and each type of occupation and workstation • Measures for first aid, fire-fighting, evacuation of workers and workers designated to implement it • Includes persons working for other employers in the same workplace

  30. DIFFERENT TARGET GROUPS (ART. 10 Directive 89/391) b) Workers/ representatives with specific OSH functions • For workers with specific functions on OSH or workers’ representatives with OSH responsabilities: • Risk assessment results • Protective measures implemented or to implement • List of occupational accidents • Reports on occupational accidents

  31. CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION (ART. 10 Directive 89/391) • Principle: workers and representatives shall be consulted and have the right to make proposals • Workers and workers representatives with specific OSH responsibilities will take part or be consulted in advance and in good time with regard to: • any measure which may substantially affect safety and health • the designation of workers to carry out OSH activities and emergency actions • information on risk assessment and other to be provided to workers • enlistment of external services or persons to conduct OSH activities • planning and organization of OSH training for workers • Workers representatives with specific OSH responsibilities can ask for/ suggest appropriate measures • These representatives are to be given time off work, without loss of pay and receive from the employer means to enable them to fulfill their mandate. They can submit observations during inspection visits and appeal to the authorities

  32. OSH management systems: a tool A tool for implementation of OSH provisions

  33. ILO Guidelines on OSH Management Systems (2001) CHARACTERISTICS • Voluntary • Management tool • Aims to provide guidance at national level and companylevel\ • Specific for the organization

  34. ILO Guidelines on OSH Management Systems (2001) A progressive and continual process of: Developing OS&H policy Organizing to implement the policy Planning and taking OS&H actions Monitoring and evaluating the results Taking further action for continual improvement

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