What do you think of when you hear "The Roaring Twenties"

1. What do you think of when you hear "The Roaring Twenties"

2. OBJECTIVES • UNDERSTAND REASONS FOR THE RED SCARE • EXPLAIN THE RADICAL BOMBING AND PALMER RAIDS • ANALYZE THE IMMIGRATION RESTRICTIONS • DESCRIBE CONFLICTS BETWEEN LABOR AND MANAGEMENT

3. RED SCARE • FORMED AFTER THE REVOLUTIONISTS IN RUSSIA OVERTHREW THE CZAR • AMERICAN SAW THE INCREASE IN RADICAL POLITICAL GROUPS IN U.S • INCREASED FEAR OF THE SPREAD OF COMMUNISM IN AMERICA • AMERICA RESPONDS TO STRESSFUL CONDITIONS BY FEARING OUTSIDERS • LED THE WAVE OF NATIVISM: PREJUDICE AGAINST FOREIGN-BORN PEOPLE & ISOLATIONISM: PULLING AWAY FROM WORLDLY AFFAIRS WHAT IS COMMUNISM?

4. COMMUNISM • ONE PARTY ECONOMIC/POLITICAL GOV’T SYSTEM • CONTROL OVER PROPERTY AND BUSINESS • RUN BY WORKING CLASS • INTENTIONS: FORM PERFECT SOCIETY = NO MONEY, VIOLENCE, OR WAR • SOCIAL EQUALITY = NO SOCIAL HIERARCHY • ONLY WORK IN HIGHLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES • TO IMPLEMENT COMMUNISM IS VIA VIOLENT REVOLUTION. • GOAL: TO ELIMINATE CAPITALISM IN THE WORLD WHY THE FEAR FROM AMERICANS?

5. AMERICAN FEAR • COMMUNIST AND OTHER RADICAL PARTIES FORMING IN U.S. • SAW THE VIOLENT REVOLUTION IN RUSSIA • POSSIBLE REVOLUTION CAN HAPPEN ON U.S. SOIL • ELIMINATES THE BI-PARTY SYSTEM • DICTATOR RATHER THAN VOTED REPRESENTATIVE. • GOV’T CONTROL OVER PROPERTY/BUSINESS → XING PRIVATE BUSINESSES • NO SOCIAL/ECONOMIC PROSPERITY

6. RADICAL BOMBINGS • TARGETED POLITICAL/FAMOUS FIGURES OF MAJOR CITIES W/ STRIKES • ITALIAN RADICAL SETS OFF BOMB AT GENERAL ATTORNEY Mitchell PALMER’S HOME. • WALL STREET BOMBING GAINED THE MOST MEDIA ATTENTION • REPORTED 33 DEAD AND 200 WOUNDED

7. PALMER RAIDS • LED BY PALMER AND J EDGAR HOOVER • PALMER BLAMED BOMBINGS ON RADICALS • SEEKED OUT COMMUNISTS, SOCIALISTS, AND ANARCHISTS • INVADED PRIVATE HOMES, OFFICES, MEETING HALLS, ETC. • ARRESTED, JAILED AND DEPORTED MANY FOREIGN RADICALS WITHOUT TRIALS. • BUT FAILED TO PROVE ANY REVOLUTIONARY CONSPIRACY • LOST PUBLIC BACKING

9. SACCO AND VANZETTI

10. EMERGENCY QUOTA ACT 1921 • SET UP A QUOTA SYSTEM: MAX NUMBER OF PEOPLE FROM EACH COUNTRY • LIMITED EUROPEANS TO 2% OF NATIONAL POP. OF THAT IN 1890 • DISCRIMINATED AGAINST EASTERN AND SOUTHERN EUROPEANS. • RESTRICTED ALL ASIAN IMMIGRATION. • DID NOT APPLY TO THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE • GOAL: TO DRASTICALLY CUT EUROPEAN IMMIGRATION TO U.S Why was the increase in Immigration negative?

11. REVIVAL OF THE KKK • ESTIMATED 5 MILLION MEMBERS, MEN AND WOMEN • DEVOTED TO 100% AMERICANIZING THE COUNTRY • PURPOSE WAS TO: • KEEP MINORITIES IN THEIR PLACE • DESTROYING SALOONS • OPPOSING UNIONS • DRIVING FOREIGN BORNS OUT OF THE COUNTRY • LOST THEIR APPEAL B/C OF CRIMINAL ACTS

12. LABOR TENSION • GOV’T WOULDN’T ALLOW STRIKING DURING WAR PERIOD • AFTER WAR, AMERICA SAW MORE THAN 3,000 STRIKES • 4 MILLION PEOPLE • DUE TO EMPLOYERS REFUSAL TO INCREASE PAY, AND FORBIDDING UNIONS • EMPLOYERS PERSUADED PEOPLE THAT STRIKES WAS COMMUNISM IN ACTION

13. BOSTON POLICE STRIKE • POLICE COMMISSIONER REFUSED UNION RECOGNITION • LED TO STRIKE OF 1,117 OUT OF 1,544 OFFICERS • STRIKES BECAME VIOLENT, BROKE OUT INTO RIOTS AND LOOTING • GOVERNOR COOLIDGE CALLED IN STATE GUARD “There is no right to strike against the public safety by anybody, anywhere, anytime” • PARTICIPATING OFFICERS WERE FIRED

14. DECLINE OF UNION’S • MEMBERSHIP DECLINED OVER THE DECADE • REASONS FOR ITS DECLINE • IMMIGRANTS WILLING TO WORK IN POOR CONDITIONS • DIFFICULTY IN FORMATION DUE TO VARIETY OF LANGUAGES • MIGRANTS FROM THE SOUTH RELIED ON THEMSELVES NOT UNIONS • MOST UNIONS EXCLUDED AFRICAN AMERICANS

15. HARDING PRESIDENCY • PRESIDENT HARDING INVITED MAJOR POWERS TO WASHINGTON NAVAL CONFERENCE. • SECRETARY OF STATE CHARLES EVANS HUGHES PUSHED THE IDEA FOR NO WARSHIPS TO BE BUILT FOR 10 YEARS • BRITAIN FRANCE U.S. JAPAN AND ITALY WERE TO SCRAP MOST OF THEIR BATTLESHIPS, CRUISERS AND AIRCRAFTS. • AGREED AND SIGNED THE KELLOGG-BRIAND PACT • RENOUNCED WAR AS NATIONAL POLICY • NO WAY TO ENFORCE IT

16. REPARATIONS • FRANCE AND BRITAIN OWED $10 BILLION TO U.S. • THE FORDNEY-MCCUMBER TARIFF PREVENTED THEM FROM DOING SO • RAISED TAXES ON SOME U.S. IMPORTS TO 60% • BRITAIN AND FRANCE LOOKED TOWARDS GERMANY BUT UNABLE TO PAY • U.S GAVE GERMANY $2.5 BILLION TO PAY BACK BRITAIN AND FRANCE • B&F PAID BACK U.S WITH ITS OWN MONEY • SOLUTION CAUSED RESENTMENT TOWARDS U.S.

17. OHIO GANG • PRESIDENTS FRIENDS WHO HARDING APPOINTED TO HIS CABINET • FRIENDS WERE CORRUPT, USED THEIR OFFICES TO BECOME WEALTHY • BIGGEST SCANDAL WAS TEAPOT DOME SCANDAL • OIL-RICH PUBLIC LAND AT TEAPOT DOME WYOMING FOR U.S NAVY • SECRETARY OF INTERIOR ALBERT B. FALL TRANSFERRED OIL RESERVES FROM NAVY TO INTERIOR DEPARTMENT • SECRETLY LEASED LAND TO TWO PRIVATE OIL COMPANIES • RECEIVED MORE THAN $400,000 IN LOANS BONDS AND CASH.

18. WHAT TECHNOLOGICAL INVENTIONS IMPACT YOUR LIFE AND SOCIETY TODAY?

19. IMPACT OF THE AUTOMOBILE • AUTOMOBILE CHANGED THE LANDSCAPE AND LIFESTYLE OF AMERICANS DRASTICALLY • CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS FROM DIRT TO PAVEMENT MADE TRAVELING EASY IN ALL WEATHER • AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURING GREW INTO ONE OF THE NATION’S LARGEST AND MOST IMPORTANT INDUSTRIES. • ROUTE 66 CONNECTED CHICAGO TO L.A. • AS TRAVELERS CROSSED THE COUNTRY, MANY UPROOTED IN TOWNS ALONG THE WAY

21. AUTOMOBILES • NEW ARCHITECTURE STARTED TO BE BUILT • HOMES STARTED TO BE CONSTRUCTED WITH GARAGES AND DRIVEWAYS. • GAS STATIONS WERE POPPING UP ALL OVER AMERICA • THE FIRST CLOVERLEAF INTERSECTION WAS BUILT IN WOODBRIDGE NJ • HOLLAND TUNNEL WAS CONSTRUCTED TO CONNECT NYC TO JERSEY CITY

22. LIFESTYLE CHANGED • ALLOWED OPPORTUNITIES FOR FAMILIES TO TRAVEL • THE URBAN SPRAWL IMPACTED THE CITIES • INDEPENDENCE FOR WOMEN • YOUTH OF AMERICA FOREVER CHANGED • ADULT CHAPERONES DWINDLED • TOOK TO ROAD FOR PRIVATE TIME • JOY-RIDING BECAME POPULAR

23. LIFE-STYLE CONT. • REPRESENTED NEW FREEDOMS • TO OTHERS REPRESENTED CRUMBLING MORAL STANDARDS • ERODING AMERICAN FAMILIES • MORALLY CORRUPTING THE YOUTH • CITIES BEGAN TO HAVE AN ECONOMICAL BASE DUE TO AUTO INDUSTRIES • IMPACTED OTHER INDUSTRIES AS WELL.

24. AIRPLANES • FIRST BEGAN AS MAIL CARRIERS FOR THE U.S.P.S • BECAUSE OF WWI AIRCRAFT TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPED RAPIDLY • MEANT FOR PEACETIME MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION • TRANSATLANTIC FLIGHTS OF CHARLES LINDBERGH PROMOTED THE CARGO AND COMMERCIAL AIRLINES. • PAN AMERICA AIRLINES WAS THE FIRST TRANSATLANTIC PASSENGER FLIGHT

25. ELECTRICITY • USE OF ELECTRICITY ALLOWED FACTORIES TO RELY MORE ON MACHINERY • ELECTRICITY SPREAD OVER LONGER DISTANCES WITH ALTERNATING ELECTRICAL CURRENT • NUMBER OF ELECTRIFIED HOMES GREW • ELECTRIFIED APPLIANCES IN HOMES MADE LIVES EASIER.

26. ADVERTISEMENT • ADVERTISING AGENCIES LOOKED TO PSYCHOLOGISTS TO LEARN WHAT APPEALS TO PEOPLE’S DESIRES • SPECIFICALLY TARGETED WOMEN • ADVERTISED IN WOMENS MAGAZINES • PRODUCT WILL MAKE THEM A GOOD WIFE/MOTHER • PRODUCT WILL LESSEN WORKLOAD • APPEAL TO BOTH MODERN LIFESTYLE AND ANTI-MODERN LIFESTYLE.

33. SUPERFICIAL PROSPERITY • Businesses expanded due to productivity and company mergers • Rise in Chain stores • national banks branched out within cities near their main office • Income gap spread further away. • farms nationwide suffered loses • overproduction of goods caused prices to drop

34. Superficial Prosperity Cont. • People started to buy on credit • Industries put into installment plans • lured average to low wage earners to buy more goods • Banks provided money on low interest rates. • Some economists and business owners saw this as sign of “central weakness of a superficial economic prosperity”