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Birth Control Methods Update

Birth Control Methods Update. Melissa Kelley Area Coordinator-Outreach & Education. Non-Prescription Male Condom Female Condom Dental Dam Spermicides The Sponge Emergency Contraception**. Prescription Birth Control Pill The Patch NuvaRing Depo-Provera Implanon Diaphragm IUD.

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Birth Control Methods Update

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  1. Birth Control Methods Update Melissa Kelley Area Coordinator-Outreach & Education

  2. Non-Prescription Male Condom Female Condom Dental Dam Spermicides The Sponge Emergency Contraception** Prescription Birth Control Pill The Patch NuvaRing Depo-Provera Implanon Diaphragm IUD Methods Currently Available **If over 18 years of age

  3. Other Methods that are Available • Natural Family Planning • Abstinence • Sterilization • Male (vasectomy) • Female (tubal ligation) • Emergency Contraception (not a method of BC)

  4. Female Anatomy

  5. Over the counter methods…

  6. Condoms • Both male and female condoms help prevent the spread of HIV/STIs and an unintended pregnancy. • Male condoms can be made of latex, polyurethane or lambskin. They also have a large variety to choose from: lubricated, non-lubricated, flavored, colored, textured, or scented. • Female condoms are made of polyurethane and are only available lubricated. • About 85-86% effective with typical use.

  7. Dental Dams • A thin latex or polyurethane sheet used during oral sex (mouth to vagina or mouth to anus contact). • They may be colored, flavored or textured. • May be difficult to find in drug/grocery stores. Most adult stores carry them as well as online retailers.

  8. Spermicides • A chemical designed to kill sperm. • Creams, jellies, foams, film, or suppositories. • Available at most drug and grocery stores. • Recommended for use as a backup to a condom, not as a main method of BC. • Effectiveness rates range from 70-85%.

  9. The Sponge • Made of a soft, polyurethane foam that contains spermicide (nonoxynol-9). • The sponge is moistened with water and placed in the vagina. • It is effective against pregnancy for 24 hours without anything to reapply, even with repeated acts of intercourse. • Must be left in place 6 hours after last sexual intercourse (up to 30 hours). • The sponge is about 80-85% effective.

  10. The Sponge (cont’d)

  11. Advantages/Disadvantages to Over the Counter Methods… • Readily available. • Can be expensive if bought in a store, most clinics supply these methods for FREE or at a reduced cost. • Don’t need a prescription to use them. • Need to check expiration dates! • Most need to be inserted or put on immediately before sexual contact.

  12. Prescription methods…

  13. The Pill (Oral Contraceptives) • A pill taken each day at the same time in a 4-week cycle (3 weeks of active pills, 1 week placebo). • The hormones in the pill: • Prevent ovulation • Make cervical mucous thicker • Make uterine lining thinner • 92-99% effective.

  14. The Patch • A series of 3 small, thin patches. Each is worn for 1 week at a time in a 4-week cycle. • The hormones in the patch work similar to birth control pills. • The patch is applied to the skin and is worn during all activities including showering, swimming, exercising, etc. • It releases hormones through the skin into the bloodstream. • 92-99% effective.

  15. The NuvaRing • A small plastic ring that fits in the vagina next to the cervix. • It is worn for 3 weeks (4 week cycle). • It is worn 24 hours a day—even during normal activities and sexual intercourse. • The hormones work much like the pill or patch. • 92-99% effective.

  16. Depo-Provera (“The Shot”) • An artificial hormone given as a shot (by clinician) every 3 months. • Works similar to other hormonal methods—however most women stop menstruating while using this method. • Can be used by breastfeeding women. • Its 97-99% effective.

  17. Implanon • A small flexible plastic implant about the size of a matchstick. • It contains progesterone that helps prevent pregnancy for up to 3 years. • It is implanted under the skin of the upper arm by a clinician. • Can be used by breastfeeding women. • It is 99% percent effective for 3 years.

  18. Diaphragm • A shallow rubber cup that fits inside the vagina. • Must be used with spermicide jelly. • Once inside the vagina, it rests over the cervix and forms a physical and chemical barrier to pregnancy. • Must be left in place 6 hours after last sexual intercourse. • About 82% effective.

  19. How to insert a diaphragm

  20. IUD (Intrauterine Device) • A small plastic device containing progesterone (Mirena) or copper (Copper-T) placed inside the uterus by a clinician. • It can be used for 5-10 years. • Generally given to women who have had a vaginal delivery. • Typically about 99.1% effective.

  21. Advantages/Disadvantages to Prescription Methods… • Must be obtained from a clinician. • Can be used only by women and not all women can use each method. • Can have side effects. • More convenient, don’t have to insert, apply, or use right before sexual contact in most cases.

  22. Emergency Contraception(used to be called “the morning after pill”) • A sequence of hormonal pills given to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse. • Prevents pregnancy by preventing ovulation, fertilization, and implantation. • It is available over the counter for anyone 18 years or older. Under 18, a prescription must be obtained. • IT IS NOT “THE ABORTION PILL.” • Reduces the risk of pregnancy by 75-95%.

  23. References & Resources • Planned Parenthood of the Rochester/Syracuse Region • 1-866-600-6886 • www.pprsr.org • Planned Parenthood Federation of America • www.ppfa.org

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