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Birth Control. What Do You Need To Know?. One in twelve U.S. girls gets pregnant each year. 56% give birth 30% get abortions 14% have miscarriages Of teens who get pregnant, 15% will be pregnant again within one year. Four in ten girls get pregnant at least once before age 20.
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Birth Control What Do You Need To Know?
One in twelve U.S. girls gets pregnant each year. • 56% give birth • 30% get abortions • 14% have miscarriages • Of teens who get pregnant, 15% will be pregnant again within one year.
Four in ten girls get pregnant at least once before age 20. Source: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy analysis of Henshaw, S.K., U.S.. Teenage Pregnancy Statistics, New York: Alan Guttmacher Institute, May, 1996; and Forrest, J.D., Proportion of U.S. Women Ever Pregnant Before Age 20, New York: Alan Guttmacher Institute, 1986, unpublished.
We’re number one…unfortunately The United States has much higher pregnancy and birth rates than other fully industrialized countries. US pregnancy rates are nearly twice as high as rates in Canada and England and seven to eight times as high as rates in Japan and the Netherlands. Singh, S., & Darroch, J.E. (2000). Adolescent pregnancy and childbearing: Levels and trends in developed countries. Family Planning Perspectives 32(1), 14-23. Pregnancy rates calculated as the sum of births, abortions, and estimated miscarriages (20 percent of births plus 10 percent of miscarriages).
Why are European rates lower? • Greater openness toward sexuality in general. • More comprehensive sexuality education. • Media provide positive reinforcement for using birth control. • Reproductive health care and birth control are more accessible to teens. • Cultural consensus for “safe sex or no sex.”
US teens wait an average of one year after intercourse begins before visiting a birth control clinic.
Reasons for delaying visit to clinic: • “I just didn’t get around to it.” • “I was afraid my parents would find out.” • “I was waiting for a closer relationship with my partner.” • “I was afraid of the exam.”
Half of all premarital teen pregnancies occur in the first six months after intercourse begins. 20% occur in the first month.
Teens & Birth Control: Excuses...Excuses...Excuses • “It was unromantic and planned” • “I Would feel guilty” • “It is against my religion” • “We used the withdrawal method” • “Doctor will blab to my mom” • “It won’t happen to me” • “Condoms break and don’t work”
Types of Birth Control • Hormonal • Barrier • IUD • Methods based on information • Permanent sterilization
Advantages of Waiting • Abstinence is recommended • You can make a choice
Hormonal Methods -Oral Contraceptives (Birth Control Pill) -Patch -Ring -Injections (Depo-Provera) -Implants (Norplant I & II) -IUD
Taking the Pill • Once a day at the same time everyday • Use condoms for first month • Use condoms when on antibiotics • Use condoms for 1 week if you miss a pill or take one late • The pill offers no protection from STD’s
IMPLANTS • Implants are placed in the body filled with hormone that prevents pregnancy • Physically inserted in simple 15 minute outpatient procedure • Plastic capsules the size of paper matchsticks inserted under the skin in the arm • 99.95% effectiveness rate
Six capsules Five years Two capsules Three years Norplant I vs. Norplant II
Norplant Considerations • Should be considered long term birth control • Requires no upkeep • Extremely effective in pregnancy prevention > 99%
BARRIER METHODS • Male Condom • Female Condom • Diaphragm • Spermicides
BARRIER METHOD • Prevents pregnancy blocks the egg and sperm from meeting • Barrier methods have higher failure rates than hormonal methods due to design and human error
FEMALE CONDOM • Made as an alternative to male condoms • Polyurethane • Physically inserted in the vagina • Perfect rate = 95% • Typical rate = 79% • Woman can use female condom if partner refuses
STERILIZATION • Procedure performed on a man or a woman permanently sterilizes • Female = Tubal Ligation • Male = Vasectomy
TUBAL LIGATION • Surgical procedure performed on a woman • Fallopian tubes are cut, tied, cauterized, prevents eggs from reaching sperm • Failure rates vary by procedure, from 0.8%-3.7% • May experience heavier periods
VASECTOMY • Male sterilization procedure • Ligation of Vas Deferens tube • No-scalpel technique available • Faster and easier recovery than a tubal ligation • Failure rate = 0.1%, more effective than female sterilization
WITHDRAWAL • Removal of penis from the vagina before ejaculation occurs • NOT a sufficient method of birth control by itself • Effectiveness rate is 80% (very unpredictable in teens, wide variation) • 1 of 5 women practicing withdrawal become pregnant • Very difficult for a male to ‘control’
SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT… Couples who use no birth control have a 85% chance of a pregnancy within the first year. Will you be one of the 512,000 of the teens that gave birth in 2000?
Where to Go • Confidentiality Law • How to access services and where to go • Health care provider • Planned Parenthood • Public Health Department • New Life Crisis Center • Birthright
Where to Go • Emergency contraception • Must be within 72 hours after unprotected sex • Method of action • May prevent ovulation • Can prevent sperm from fertilizing egg • Can prevent fertilized egg from implanting
Emergency Contraception Emergency contraception pills can reduce the chance of a pregnancy by 75% if taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex!
