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Cell Division and Reproduction: Essential Processes in all Organisms

Living organisms rely on cell division for repair, growth, and reproduction. Discover how cells replenish skin, repair damage, and create offspring through asexual and sexual reproduction. Learn the differences between the two methods and their significance in growth and genetic diversity.

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Cell Division and Reproduction: Essential Processes in all Organisms

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  1. Cells come from other cells. Section 9.1

  2. All organisms reproduce their own kind. • The ability to reproduce is an important characteristic of living things. • The division of cells into more cells enables living things to repair damage, to grow, and to produce offspring.

  3. Repair and Growth • Take a moment to look at the skin on your arm. You might be surprised to learn that the outermost layer of skin is actually a layer of dead cells. • Underneath the surface layer are living cells busily carrying out chemical reactions. • This renewal of your skin goes on throughout your life. • And when your skin is injured, additional cell reproduction helps heal the wound.

  4. Reproduction • Some organisms reproduce by simple cell division, in which a single cell or group of cells each duplicates its genetic material and then splits into two new genetically identical cells. • This process, which is known as asexual reproduction, produces offspring that inherit all their genetic material from just one parent. • As a result, the offspring are genetically identical to one another and to their parent

  5. Reproduction • In contrast, when two parents are involved in the production of offspring, the process is called sexual reproduction. • In sexual reproduction genetic material from each of two parents combines, producing offspring that differ genetically from either parent. • Sexual reproduction involves the union of sex cells, such as an egg and a sperm.

  6. Concept Check 9.1 • Relate cell reproduction to the replacement of skin cells. • Describe two ways in which asexual and sexual reproduction differ. • How is cell division involved in growth?

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