Settling the Middle Colonies

1. Settling the Middle Colonies

2. Objectives • Identify the location of the Middle Colonies and the people who founded them. • Describe how religion affected the founding of the colonies.

3. English Civil War 1642 – King Charles I sent troops into the English Parliament to arrest several Puritan leaders Parliament was dominated by Puritans and it responded by organizing its own army 1646 Parliament’s army defeated king’s troops & captured King Charles Oliver Cromwell – commander of Parliament’s army dissolves it and seizes power

4. Colonies Choose Sides VA, MD had supported the King Baltimore supported the King but Protestants rebelled in 1644 so Baltimore appointed a Protestant governor and introduced Maryland Toleration Act in 1649 granting religious toleration to all Christians.

5. TURMOIL After 20 years of uncertainty and when Cromwell dies in 1658 no strong leader had stepped forward England’s leaders decided to restore the monarchy and Charles II came to power – called the Restoration

6. Middle Colonies • New York • New Jersey • Delaware • Pennsylvania

7. Why Settle? Farming Land • Flat plains, rolling hills, grassy meadows, and thick forests • Better for farming than in the New England Colonies • Long summers and good rain amounts • Crops: Wheat, Corn, and Rye • The FERTILE LAND caused the middle colonies to become known as “The Breadbasket” colonies

8. Water Sources • Several large harbors along the Atlantic Ocean • Harbors were connected to the regions waterways: Hudson & Delaware Rivers • Rivers went far inland making trade easier • This attracted many colonists to the region

9. Overview • King Charles II – has established the New England Colonies and colonies in the South • There is a section of land in the middle claimed by the Dutch. • He wants this land!

10. Land hungry 1609 The Dutch East India Company sent HENRY HUDSON – to find a route through N. Am to the Pacific Dutch claimed the region in 1614 Major settlement on Manhattan Island Bought Manhattan from local natives for 60 florins ($24.00) worth of goods 1646 New Netherland had only about 1,500 compared to NE’s 25,000

12. The Netherlands • Remember: The Dutch controlled New Netherland (Hudson Valley – New York) • Dutch did not come to the new world • Life was prosperous in the Netherlands unlike in England where there was religious conflict and economic turmoil

13. A New Leader • Dutch West India Company – controlled New Netherland • Sent Peter Stuyvesant as the new leader to increase profits and govern the colony • 1650 – he expanded into New Jersey and Delaware, but still needed more people

14. New Colonists • Dutch West India Company opened up their colony to many people: • Belgium • Denmark • France • Italy • Spain • New settlers included the first Jewish Group

15. Africans in New Netherland • Enslaved Africans also were in the colony • Some were free, but had to pay yearly to stay free • 1660 – Stuyvesant gave land on Manhattan to about 40 former enslaved people • This land became New Netherland’s first community of FREE AFRICANS

16. English want control • 1664 – King Charles II gave his brother James, the Duke of York the land between Maine and the Delaware River • This land included New Netherland

17. To War or not to war? • The Duke of York sent 4 warships to take over New Netherland • Stuyvesant wanted to fight, but the colonists did not want to due to lack of people and gun powder • Stuyvesant surrendered New Netherland to the English without a gun shot being fired.

18. New York Duke of York keeps for himself New Amsterdam becomes NYC Dutch stayed and were promised fair treatment New Jersey The Duke gives NJ to his friends, John Berkeley and George Carteret Offer land at low prices Most that come are with the Quakers known as the “Society of Friends” Dutch Colony Split

19. Quakers • Believed in an “inner light” from God in everyone • Refused to fight in wars (Pacifism) or swear loyalty to any king (no taxes) • Thousands of Quakers were forced to leave England – b/c of Charles • Their beliefs put them in conflict w/ other religions in the New World – Penn bought NJ but Puritans were hostile there • 1680 – Charles grants land between NY and MD

20. Pennsylvania and Delaware • King Charles was close friends with Admiral William Penn – who loaned ships and $ to the King but died before the King could pay him back • 1681 – King Charles II gave a charter to William Penn, an English Quaker & close friend to Charles II • Penn was the proprietor (or owner) of what is now Pennsylvania

21. A New Plan of Government Pennsylvania = Penn’s Woods • Penn wanted all people to live peacefully in PA • He wanted Native American’s to be treated with JUSTICE –Treaty of Shackamaxon – Lenni Lenape ceded land to the Colonists – marked beginning of 70 years of peace btn settlers and Natives. On the land ceded was built Philadelphia

22. Relations with Native Americans • Penn wanted to live together in peace with the Native Americans • 1682 – met with Chief Tamanend and other Lenni Lenape leaders • Penn paid them for the land that King Charles had given him • He built long lasting relationships with the Native Americans

23. 1682 – wrote by Penn THE FRAME OF GOVENRMENT OF PENNSYLVANIA The plan set up a legislature called the General Assembly Later wrote Pennsylvania Charter of Privileges – allowed white men to elect representatives to the Assembly Citizens had the following privileges: Freedom of speech Freedom of religion Right to a fair trial by a jury Trial By Jury -group of citizen decides if a person is guilty or innocent of the crime Pennsylvania Government

24. Delaware • Duke of York gave Penn control of the land that makes up Delaware in 1682 • Penn gave the colony its own assembly in 1704

25. REVIEW

26. The first Quaker settlement in North America was founded here. • NEW JERSEY

27. William Penn was the proprietor of Pennsylvania and this colony? • DELAWARE

28. James, Duke of York, gave this land to John Berkeley and George Carteret. • NEW JERSEY

29. William Penn’s frame of government for this colony gave its citizens important rights. • PENNSYLVANIA

30. Before its name was changed, it was the Dutch colony of New Netherland. • NEW YORK

31. What geographical advantage helped the Middle Colonies become known as the “breadbasket” colonies? • FERTILE SOIL

32. “Many Quakers settled in the Middle Colonies in hopes of finding a refuge”What does the word refuge mean in this sentence? • A SAFE PLACE

33. What was Pennsylvania’s document of self-government? • THE FRAME OF GOVERNMENT OF PENNSYLVANIA

34. Which Native American leader did William Penn form a long-lasting peace? • TAMANEND

35. Why were the port cities important in the Middle Colonies? • MAJOR TRADE CENTERS

36. Why is New York City a good location for a port? • It was built on the mouth of the Hudson River, on New York Harbor

37. What is one right or freedom that William Penn gave colonists in Pennsylvania? • FREEDOM OF SPEECH • FREEDOM OF RELIGION • THE RIGHT OT A TRIAL BY JURY

38. What is one major difference between the Middle colonies and the New England colonies? • MIDDLE COLONIES WERE HOME TO A MIX OF RELIGIOUS GROUPS. NEW ENGLAND COLONIES DID NOT PRACTICE RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE.

39. What elements does William Penn see as necessary for good government? Governments, like clocks, go from the motion men give them; and as governments are made and moved by men, so by them are ruined too. Wherefore governments rather depend upon men, than men upon governments. Let men be good, and the government cannot be bad; if it be ill, they will cure it. But, if men be bad, let the government be never so good, they will endeavor to warp and spoil it to their turn. I know some say, let us have good laws, and no matter for the men that execute them: but let them consider, that though good laws do well, good men do better: for good laws may want good men, and be abolished or evaded by ill men; but good men will never want good laws nor suffer ill ones …

40. Who does William Penn want in his colony? How does he entice new settlers? That all persons living in this province, who confess and acknowledge the one Almighty and eternal God, to be the Creator, Upholder and Ruler of the world; and that hold themselves obliged in conscience to live peaceably and justly in civil society, shall, in no ways, be molested or prejudiced for their religious persuasion, or practice, in matters of faith and worship, nor shall they be compelled, at any time, to frequent or maintain any religious worship, place or ministry whatever.