PERCEPTION!

1. PERCEPTION!

3. What is perception? • Go through your notes and in your own words write down what perception is?

4. Perception • The process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensation

5. Perceptions Influenced by: ----motivation ----Values ----Expectations ----Experience ----Culture ----Cognitive Style ----Personality

6. Perception • Selective Attention focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

7. Visual Capture • tendency for vision to dominate the other senses

8. Grouping • the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups

10. Gestalt Psychology • We perceive whole objects, not isolated bits or pieces.

11. Gestalt • The “whole,” or the organizational patterns that we tend to perceive • Gestalt psychologists stressed that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. • By breaking experiences into their basic parts, something important is lost.

12. Olny srmat poelpe can raed tihs!cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Amzanig huh? yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt!

13. A Gestalt

14. Figure- Ground relationship • organization of the visual field into object (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground)

15. Figure-Ground • The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surrounding (the ground) • The figure is the object (s) that stands out or draws one’s attention. • The ground is the background.

16. What is the figure, and what is the background here?

17. Grouping • the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups • Patterns, shapes, forms

18. Grouping • Several principles of grouping include: • Similarity • Proximity • Closure • Continuity

20. Grouping - Similarity • The tendency to place items that look similar into a group

22. Grouping - Proximity • The tendency to place objects that are physically close to each other in a group

24. Grouping – Closure • The tendency to look at the whole by filling in gaps in a perceptual field

26. Grouping – Continuity • The tendency to perceive that movement of an object continues once it appears to move in a particular direction

28. Depth Perception • ability to see objects in three dimensions • allows us to judge distance

29. Depth Perception: Binocular Depth Cues Module 10: Perception

30. Binocular Cues • Depth cues that require the use of both eyes

31. Retinal Disparity • A binocular depth cue resulting from slightly different images produced by the separation of the retinas in the left and right eye • Is most effective when the item is quite close to the person

32. Binocular Depth Cues: Finger Sausage

33. Convergence • A binocular depth cue related to the tension in the eye muscles when the eyes track inward to focus on objects close to the viewer • The more tension in the eye muscle, the closer the object is • Works best at close distances

34. Depth Perception: Monocular Depth Cues Module 10: Perception

35. Monocular Cues • Depth cues that require the use of only one eye • Monocular depth cues include: relative size, relative motion, interposition, relative height, texture gradient, relative clarity, and linear perspective.

36. Monocular Cues • relative size • smaller image is more distant

37. Monocular Depth Cues – Relative Size • Using the perceived size of a familiar object to determine depth • The larger the object appears, the closer the object is to the viewer

38. Monocular Depth Cues – Relative Motion • A person who is moving can determine depth by focusing on a distant object. • Objects further away than the object of focus will appear to move in the same direction as the subject is moving.

39. Monocular Depth Cues – Relative Motion • Objects closer than the object of focus will appear to move in the opposite direction.

40. Relative Motion

41. Interposition/ Overlap • closer object blocks distant object

42. Interposition

43. Monocular Depth Cues – Relative Height • Method of determining depth by noting that distant objects appear higher in your field of vision than do closer objects

44. texture gradient • coarse --> close fine --> distant • (Look at the floor beneath you, and then across the room)

45. Monocular Depth Cues–Texture Gradient • Method of determining depth by noting that distant objects have a smoother texture than nearby objects

46. Monocular Depth Cues – Relative Clarity • Method of determining depth by noting that distant objects are less clear than nearby objects • Tends to work outdoors

47. Monocular Depth Cues–Linear Perspective • Method of determining depth by noting that parallel lines appear to converge in the distance • The lines appears to eventually merge on the horizon.

49. relative clarity/ Aerial Perspective • hazy object seen as more distant • (Look out window at the trees close to the window and the trees in the distance)

50. linear perspective • parallel lines converge with distance