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Presentation Overview. Conversion Technologies Thermal Conversion Biological Conversion Other - Hybrid Conversion Environmental Issues Energy Production Key Cost and Revenue Variables Benefits of Conversion Technologies Challenges to Implementation. The Basic Conversion Process Consists
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2. PresentationOverview
3. The Basic Conversion Process Consists of Three Systems
4. Thermal Conversion Technologies Can treat both organic and carbon-based (plastic) materials using higher temperatures (>750° F). Typically more efficient to generate electricity and has a lower volume of residual byproducts than biological technologies. In other countries, these residuals are reused that makes the system virtually zero waste
5. Types of Thermal Conversion Technologies
6. Gasification Thermal conversion of organic materials at 1,400-2,500°F, and with a limited supply of oxygen, producing a syngas
The syngas (primarily H2 and CO) can be used as a fuel to produce electricity
Inorganic materials are converted to bottom ash or slag
8. Kawaguchi Gasification 400 tpd Facility (Japan)
9. Pyrolysis Thermal degradation of organic materials using an indirect, external source of heat, at 750-1,650°F, in the absence or almost complete absence of free oxygen, producing syngas or liquid fuel
The syngas (primarily H2 and CO) or liquid fuel can be used to produce electricity
Byproducts are carbon char, silica, metals, and inorganic materials
11. MSW Pyrolysis FacilityBurgau (Germany)
12. Pyrolysis/Gasification Thermal degradation of organic materials using Pyrolysis to produce syngas and carbon char as solid byproduct
The byproduct (carbon char) is going through gasification process to produce additional syngas
13. Pyrolysis/Gasification 330 tpdThermoselect Facility in Chiba, Japan
14. Plasma Gasification
15. BiologicalConversion Technologies
16. Anaerobic Digestion Microbes convert MSW into useful products:
Compost – a useful soil amendment
Biogas – a clean, renewable fuel
Requires careful MSW prescreening to ensure a clean compost
17. Valorga 140 tpd Facility In Freiburg, Germany
18. MSW to Fuel Ethanol Step 1: cellulosic wastes like waste paper can be hydrolyzed to sugar
Step 2: this sugar can then be fermented into dilute ethanol
Step 3: finally, the dilute ethanol can be distilled and processed into fuel ethanol
19. Some Other Conversion Technologies Syngas-Ethanol: gasify waste, ferment synthesis gas to ethanol, distill to fuel grade, sell electricity and ethanol; pilot stage
Biodiesel: process fatty waste into a diesel-like fuel
20. Conversion Technologies Commercialization Status
21. EnvironmentalIssues
22. Energy Production100,000 tpy MSW Processed
23. Key Cost & RevenueVariables
24. Benefits of Conversion Technologies Reduced Carbon (Greenhouse Gas) Emissions
Increased Recycling
Lower Air Emissions
Offsets Fossil Fuels
Beneficial Use of Residuals
Renewable Energy
Environmental Sustainability
25. Challenges ToImplementation Lack of Technology Understanding
Air Emissions
Variation in Designs
Lack of Regulatory Clarity
Funding/Financing Hurdles
No Operating CT Facilities in the U.S. Processing MSW