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Montgomery Bus Boycott. US History Jay Pritchett. Historical Question. To what extent did the Montgomery Bus Boycott motivate the African Americans to demand the end of segregation?. Historical Relevance.
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Montgomery Bus Boycott US History Jay Pritchett
Historical Question • To what extent did the Montgomery Bus Boycott motivate the African Americans to demand the end of segregation?
Historical Relevance • Rosa Parks defiance had sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped escalate the Civil Rights Movement.
Learning Objectives • Illustrate how the Montgomery Bus Boycotts showed the power and influence of the African American community. • Demonstrate how it changed the course of the Civil Rights movement.
Segregation • Definition – the enforced separation of different racial groups. • First started when African Americans came over the Atlantic as slaves. • During the 1950s – African Americans had to use public services such as schools expressly for Colored People.
Rosa Parks • Born on February 4, 1913 in Tuskegee, Alabama to a carpenter and a teacher. • As a child, her mother encouraged her to be active in the struggle for civil rights. • She married a barber, Raymond Parks in 1932. Both were members of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). She also served as the secretary of the Montgomery chapter. http://0.tqn.com/d/womenshistory/1/0/N/n/2/Rosa-Parks-1988-ax.jpg
What REALLY happened on the bus • On December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks left Montgomery Fair and got on the same bus as she did every night. • She always sat in the “black section” of the bus. • The bus became full and the driver instructed Rosa Parks to give up her seat. • She refused to give it up and was arrested. • Found guilty of violating the law and fined. http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3faspGkKd7M/T0QU_4v9dSI/AAAAAAAAF5w/-Ms4Noi069M/s1600/RosaParksBusdiagram.jpg
Why Rosa Parks • Claudette Colvin, age 15, had also refused to give up her seat 9 months ago on the same bus. • The NAACP considered using her incident as test case but due to her pregnancy it was dropped. • Parks had decided to approach the NAACP and volunteer to become a test case. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAparksR2.jpg
The Boycott • After Parks arrest Martin Luther King JR helped organize protests against the bus segregation. • The boycott was originally only planned for the Monday after Parks was arrested December 3. • A night mass was held that day to determine if the protest should continue. Attendees enthusiastically agreed for it to continue. • The boycott proved extremely effective and caused serious economic damage to the bus system. • The boycott lasted for a year from December 3, 1955 to December 20, 1965. • 17,000 African Americans walked to work, car pooled, cycled and even rode horses and donkeys to work for 13 months until the desegregation of buses.
Civil Rights Turning Point • It was the first time African Americans showed their unity in their cause for Civil Rights. • Bus companies were crippled financially because most of their riders were African Americans and most of those were women going to housekeeping jobs.
Conclusion • Illustrate how the Montgomery Bus Boycotts showed the power and influence of the African American community. • Demonstrate how it changed the course of the Civil Rights movement.
Works Cited • Burns, Stewert. "Montgomery Bus Boycott." Encyclopedia of Alabama. Auburn University, 9 June 2008. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. • Cozzens, Lisa. "The Montgomery Bus Boycott." Civil Rights Movement 1955-1965:. 29 June 1998. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. • "Montgomery Bus Boycott." History Learning Site. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. • "Rosa Parks." Academy of Achievement. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. • "Rosa Parks: Biography." Spartacus Educational. Web. 10 May 2012. • Wexler, Sanford. The Civil Rights Movement: An Eyewitness History. New York, NY: Facts on File, 1993. Print.
