Prentice Hall PoliticalScience Interactive

1. Prentice HallPoliticalScienceInteractive Magleby et al. Government by the People Chapter 12 The Presidency: The Leadership Branch

2. Structure and Powers of the Presidency: Separate Powers The United States is one of the few world powers that is neither a parliamentary democracy nor a wholly executive-dominated government

3. Structure and Powers of the Presidency: Defining the Presidency At the constitutional convention, the Framers debated whether the president should be elected via a direct election or through an electoral college

4. The Mexican President • One of the most powerful executives in the democratic world • Vincente Fox: election in 2000 was first break from PRI party in 71 years

5. The Presidential Ticket • Originally, the vice-president was the runner-up in the electoral college vote • The 12th Amendment (1804) encouraged two candidates to run together as a presidential ticket

6. President as Commander-in-Chief • President is commander-in-chief of the armed forces, but Congress is charged with declaring wars • “Presidential prerogative” versus War Powers Act

7. Presidential Powers: Diplomat-in-Chief Foreign policy tools: Appointing ambassadors Receiving ambassadors Treaties Executive Agreements Fast-track trade authority Meeting with foreign leaders to forge ties and make formal alliances

8. Presidential Powers: Administrator in Chief • Appoints leaders of important agencies • Issues executive orders • Proclamations • National security directives • Presidential decision directives

9. Presidential Succession What are the ways that a president can leave the office? • Impeachment, reelection defeat, retirement, death • Twenty-second Amendment • Twenty-fifth Amendment

10. The War Power In 1973, Congress enacted the War Powers act in order to limit the ability of the president to commit the armed forces of the United States

11. Executive Privilege In an attempt to hide his role in the Watergate scandal, President Richard Nixon unsuccessfully tried to invoke executive privilege to prevent the release of tapes of his meetings to Congress Boxes of newly released files from Richard M. Nixon's presidential papers

12. The First Presidency Precedents set by Washington • Presidential title • Two term limit • White House staff • Department secretaries • President as sole authority in supervising executive branch

13. The First Modern Presidency Franklin D. Roosevelt • New Deal program ideas came from his “Brain Trust” • Policy Achievements: FDIC, SEC, Wagner Act, Social Security, minimum wages, maximum working hours, mortgage protections FDR inspects some Civilian Conservation Corps camps in the Shenandoah Valley

14. The White House Staff Three models for running the White House staff Competitive Hierarchical Collegial

15. The Executive Office of the President

16. The Cabinet The Cabinet Advisory council for the president, consisting of the heads of the executive departments, the vice president, and a few other officials selected by the president The Inner Cabinet Departments of Defense, Justice, State, and Treasury

17. The Vice Presidency • Benjamin Franklin: Vice President should be addressed as, “your Superfluous Excellency” • Beginning in the 1950s, the role of Vice President became more important

18. The First Lady • During much of the nation’s history, first ladies were limited to behind-the-scenes activities • This changed with Eleanor Roosevelt and again with Hillary Clinton Eleanor Roosevelt

19. People & Politics: Condoleezza Rice • Born in segregated Birmingham, Alabama in 1954 • In 1999 became foreign policy advisor to George W. Bush during election campaign • In 2005 named Secretary of State

20. Presidents as Crisis Managers and Morale Builders The President performs important ceremonial functions, in both good times and times of crisis

21. Presidents as Agenda Setters National Security Policy Economic Policy Domestic Policy

22. Presidents as Persuaders Instead of persuading lawmakers face-to-face, presidents can use their “bully pulpit” to sway public opinion

23. The Constitutional Framework The Constitution ensures that the President and Congress have • Competing constituencies • Competing calendars • Competing campaigns

24. Influencing Congress

26. The Chief Executive: The Budget • December • The president and the OMB director prepare The Budget of the United States Government • Each budget is named for the fiscal year in which it ends • Late January • President presents Congress with the Budget for the fiscal year beginning October 1st

28. The Chief Executive: The Budget

30. The President as Chief Legislator and Lobbyist Presidential legislative authority: • Veto power • Recommend measures • State of the Union

32. Figure #12-2