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Chapter 1 Quick review over Electronics and Electric Components

Chapter 1 Quick review over Electronics and Electric Components. Prepared By : Elec Solv. Quick review over Electronics & Electric Components :-. Resistors Capacitors . Switches and Relays . Diodes . Transistors . Voltage Regulators . Operation Amplifiers . Logic Gates . Boards.

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Chapter 1 Quick review over Electronics and Electric Components

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  1. Chapter 1Quick review over Electronics and Electric Components Prepared By : Elec Solv

  2. Quick review over Electronics & Electric Components :- • Resistors • Capacitors . • Switches and Relays . • Diodes . • Transistors . • Voltage Regulators . • Operation Amplifiers . • Logic Gates . • Boards .

  3. 1. Resistors • Definition . • Usage . • Connection in the Circuit . • Types . • Power Budget .

  4. Definition • Resistor is a passive component that prevents the current to pass in the electric circuit . • V = I . R Where : V = The Voltage across the resistor in Volts . I = The Current passing in the resistor in Amperes . R =The Value of the resistor in Ohms .

  5. Connection in the circuit • Parallel Connection . • The Voltage is constant . • The Current is divided . • Series Connection . • The Voltage is divided . • The Current is constant.

  6. Connection in the circuit • Pull Up Resistor • Pull Down Resistor

  7. Types

  8. Readings table for Fixed Resistors

  9. Fixed Resistors

  10. Variable Resistors • Resistors values is being changed manually • potentiometer • Trimmer

  11. Variable Resistors • Resistors change its value due to physical phenomena :- • LDR - Light Dependant Resistance – the value of this resistance is inverse proportion with the amount of light falling on it . • Thermistor , and so many types .

  12. Power Budget • We mean by Power Budget , the maximum power that the resistor can withstand without being damaged .

  13. 2. Capacitors • Definition . • Types . • Application .

  14. Definition • A Capacitor consists of two plates between them there is a dielectric material and it store electrical energy .

  15. Types • Polarized :- • We must wire the anode to positive terminal to the battery and the cathode to the negative terminal of the battery . • Non-polarized :- • No anode or cathode .

  16. Application • Smoothing the signals like in Rectifier Circuits . • Used with other ICs to make them do some functions .

  17. 3. Switches and Relays • Definition . • Rating . • Types .

  18. Definition of a Switch • A Switch is a component that allows us to make the circuit opened or closed circuit .

  19. Definition of a Relay • A Relay is an electromechanical switch , that means that it is a normal switch but it is controlled electrically as we see in the figures .

  20. Rating of switches • Switches’ rating is :- • Max current that can pass through it without having a fault . • The max voltage that could be applied across it without having a fault .

  21. Rating of Relays • Relays’ rating is :- • The value and type of the voltage applied across the coil to energize the electromagnetic field . • The max current can pass through the contact without having a fault . • The type and max value of the voltage applied across the contact without having a fault .

  22. Switches and Relays can be classified according to many characteristics like rating , pole and throw and applications . We will discuss the basic of two classifications . Types

  23. Pole and Throw • Pole : is the piece of copper that connects the current in the switch • Throw : is the point that the pole touches when connecting the current . • We can say they are : • SPST • DPDT • And so many of them .

  24. According to Operation • Limit Switch • On – Off – ON switch • On – off switch • Push button • Present Sensor • And so may types

  25. 4. Diodes • Definition . • Meter Check . • Types . • Application .

  26. Definition • A Diode is an electronic gate that allow the current to flow in one direction .

  27. Meter Check • Use the Multi-meter on the Buzzer mode , and wire its two terminals to the 2 sides of the diode then:- • The Multi-meter will read very high value if the diode is reversed . • The multi-meter will read very low value if the diode is forward biased .

  28. Types • There are many types of diodes like :- • Normal Diode . • Zener Diode . • LED – Light Emitting Diode - . • Some other types . • Note that a Bridge is combination of 4 diodes .

  29. Application • Diodes are used in several application like :- • Half-wave rectifier circuit . • Power Supply Circuits . • Protect electronic circuits .

  30. 5. Transistors • Definition & Types . • Meter Check . • Modes . • Application .

  31. Definition & Types • The Transistor is a three-terminal component . It is used as amplifier or electronic switch and so many usages . • We will learn about BJT transistor , and it has two types :- • NPN • PNP

  32. Meter Check • We’ll put the Multi-meter on the Buzzer mode and check each PN junction in the transistor .

  33. Modes • Transistor has 3 modes of operating :- • Saturation ( as a closed switch ) . • Cutoff ( as an opened switch ) . • Active mode ( as an amplifier) .

  34. Application • Relay Driver Circuit

  35. 6. Voltage Regulators • Definition . • Types . • Application .

  36. Definition • It is designed to adjust the current passing through the load – so it maintains a constant output voltage – by comparing the supply’s DC output voltage with a fixed or programmed reference voltage .

  37. Types • Fixed • Positive ( 78xx series ) • Negative (79xx series) • Adjustable

  38. Applications • Power Supply Circuit .

  39. 7. Operational Amplifiers • Definition . • Modes . • Application . • We will deal with 741 IC while there are many types of Op Amps .

  40. Definition • Operational Amplifier is an IC that is designed to do several functions like :- • Amplifying Signals . • Comparing between two signals . • Summing Signals . • And so many applications .

  41. Modes • Comparator . • Inverting . • Non-inverting . • Summer . • Differentiator . • And other modes .

  42. We can use :- • The formula (V1 - V2 ) A = Vout A = The Gain . V1 = Input Voltage on the non-inverting pin . V2 = Input Voltage on the inverting pin . Vout = Output Voltage .

  43. Inverting , Non-inverting • Inverting :- Amplifies the signal with a controlled gain . • Non-inverting :- Amplifies the signal with a controlled gain and invert it . • A = Vout / Vin = - Rf / Ri • A = Vout / Vin = 1 + (Rf / Ri)

  44. Comparator • At Vinput > Vref Vo=+Vsupply • At Vinput < Vref Vo=-Vsupply

  45. Application • Light advanced switch

  46. 8.Logic Gates • Logic gates have many different families and types but we will discuss :- • AND • OR • NOT

  47. NOT gate 7404

  48. AND gate 7408

  49. OR gate 7432

  50. Application • They are the main structure of the logic designs . • Used in the integrated circuits to make flip flops , counters and shift registers and so on .

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