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Topic: Naming Alkanes

Topic: Naming Alkanes. Do Now: Draw the possible bonds a single carbon atom can have if it has a bonding capacity of 4. Alkanes (C n H 2n+2 ). C 3 H 8 H H H H –C–C–C–H H H H CH 3 CH 2 CH 3. Chemical Formula. Structural Formula. Condensed Structural Formula.

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Topic: Naming Alkanes

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  1. Topic: Naming Alkanes Do Now: Draw the possible bonds a single carbon atom can have if it has a bonding capacity of 4

  2. Alkanes (CnH2n+2) C3H8 H H H H–C–C–C–H H H H CH3CH2CH3 Chemical Formula Structural Formula Condensed Structural Formula

  3. straight-chain alkane C4H10 H H H H H–C–C–C–C–H H H H H Or CH3CH2CH2CH3

  4. Naming straight-chain Alkanes • Prefix + ane • all alkanes have the suffix –ane • prefix: tells # of C’s

  5. Prefix # of C atoms Meth 1 Formula Name Eth 2 CH4 Meth + ane Prop 3 But 4 C2H6 Pent 5 C3H8 Propane Hex 6 C4H10 Hept 7 Butane Oct 8 C5H12 Pentane Non 9 Dec 10 Ethane

  6. Naming Branched-Chain Alkanes • goal of name is to describe molecule so you can draw it

  7. Naming branched-chain alkanes • Find longest continuous chain of C atoms - Bends don’t matter!

  8. 2. base name derived from # C’s in continuous chain 9 carbon chain = nonane

  9. 3. Branches named first and in alphabetical order * to name branches, count # C atoms & add “yl” to prefix name * If more than one of same type of branch - use di, tri, etc. propyl ethyl ethyl methyl ethyl triethyl, methyl, propyl

  10. Assign number to Branches based on longest carbon chain * you want numbers to add up to the lowest # propyl ethyl 3 6 ethyl 4 5 7 2 8 methyl 1 9 ethyl 4, 4, 5, 5, 6 = add up = 24

  11. Assign number to Branches based on longest carbon chain * you want numbers to add up to the lowest # propyl ethyl 6 7 ethyl 5 4 3 8 2 methyl 9 1 ethyl 4, 5, 5, 6, 6 = add up = 26

  12. 4,4,6-triethyl 5-methyl 5-propyl nonane 4. Put it all together propyl ethyl 3 6 ethyl 4 5 7 2 1. nonane 8 methyl 1 2. triethyl, methyl, propyl 9 ethyl 3. 4, 4, 5, 5, 6

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