IB Psychology 12.13.16

1. IB Psychology 12.13.16 Turn in: Nothing Take out: Notes, notes, notes Today’s Learning Objectives: Evaluate two models or theories of one cognitive process. Discuss, with reference to relevant research studies, the extent to which one cognitive process is reliable. Today’s Agenda: 3.4-3.5 MSM vs LOP HW: Discussion piece by Friday Celebrate knowledge of 3.1-3.5 on Thursday! You will NOT want to miss it!

2. Summary of Multi Store Memory Model Components

3. QUICK…WITHOUT LOOKING… WHAT WERE THE NUMBERS I GAVE YOU YESTERDAY IN CLASS? Did you remember? How?!? Did you forget? Why?!?

4. Levels of Processing (LOP)Evaluate two models or theories of one cognitive process. • An alternative to the multi-store model • Emphasizes memory process rather than structure (the stores: SMS, STM, LTM) • Based on the idea that the strength of a memory trace is determined by how the original info was processed, or ____________? ENCODED

5. Shallow processing Deep processing Structural Phonological Semantic Physical Feature Encoding… Creating/Extracting a meaning…is this still encoding? Levels of processing Auditory Feature Encoding…

6. Shallow processing Deep processing Structural Phonological Semantic Weak memory trace Strong memory trace Levels of processing

7. Levels of processing • Incoming stimuli pass through a series of analysing mechanisms • Memory traces are a product of how stimuli are analysed • Strength of trace depends on: • Attention (there’s that idea again…) paid to stimulus • Depth of processing carried out • Connections with existing knowledge • Consider why Skyline has constructed the humanities department in the way it has…any thoughts on the principles behind the practice?

8. Levels of processing • Different levels of processing: • Structural – appearance • Phonological – auditory/sound • Semantic – meaning • Structural is the shallowest, semantic is the deepest

9. Levels of processing • The basic prediction of the LOP approach is that the amount of info pps will recall/recognise will depend on how deeply the experimental stimuli were processed

10. Levels of processing • Elias & Perfetti (1973) • PPs had greater recognition of words they had thought of similes for (semantic) than word they had thought of rhymes for (phono) • Craik & Tulving (1975) • Highest recognition of semantically processes stimuli, followed by phono, followed by structural

11. Levels of processing • Morris et al (1977) • Semantic processing was not always best; it depended on how recall was measured: • Recognition – semantic best • Rhyming recognition – phono best • Why is it that songs help us remember things? • Let’s see how you do: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJ1yPz14LrU

12. Levels of processing Strengths: • Influential model that focused researchers on processes that they had tended to neglect • The idea that the nature of a memory trace depends on encoding processes is well supported

13. Levels of processing “Challenges” • Many different variables involved in determining how a stimulus is processed: • Depth • Spread • Elaboration • Distinctiveness • Very difficult to isolate these variables experimentally

14. LOP and revision • You will recall more if you use… • Depth – make sure you understand & make connections between the topics & ideas • Spread – use several different techniques on the material • Elaboration – mental effort is required to store material effectively • Distinctiveness – make the material your own