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DNA

DNA. DNA Functions. Stores genetic information to build and maintain a living organism Copies itself. James Watson & Francis Creek 1953. Determined the three-dimensional structure of DNA One of the greatest discoveries in the history of science Nobel prize in 1962. DNA.

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DNA

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  1. DNA

  2. DNA Functions • Stores genetic information to build and maintain a living organism • Copies itself

  3. James Watson & Francis Creek 1953 • Determined the three-dimensional structure of DNA • One of the greatest discoveries in the history of science • Nobel prize in 1962

  4. DNA • Made of repeating units called nucleotides • Each nucleotide made of a sugar named deoxyribose, a phosphate and a base

  5. = Deoxyribose Base Phosphate DNA Nucleotide

  6. Deoxyribose Base Phosphate Nucleotides Form a Double Strand

  7. DNA Molecule is Double Stranded

  8. Base Pairing Rule • Adenine pairs with Thymine • Guanine pairs with Cytosine

  9. DNA • Total length of DNA in each cell is about 6 feet • Wraps around proteins called histones • Over 3 billion nucleotide pairs in human DNA!

  10. DNA Replication DNA strands separate DNA nucleotides attach to each strand

  11. Each new DNA molecule will be an exact copy of the original

  12. First, DNA strands separate

  13. Second, an RNA attaches to DNA strandDNA cannot start replication on its own

  14. Third, DNA nucleotides are attached to DNA strand

  15. Fourth and final, the RNA is removed

  16. DNA Errors • Replication is not 100% accurate • Errors occur when copying DNA • DNA damaged • Ultraviolet light • X-rays • Cigarette smoke • Nitrates (smoked meat) • Pesticides & Herbicides

  17. The End

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