Landfill Safety Chapter 05

1. Landfill SafetyChapter 05 Kentucky Department of Environmental Protection Division of Compliance Assistance 300 Fair Oaks Lane • Frankfort, KY 40601 Phone: 502.564.0323 • 800.926.8111 • Fax: 502.564.9720 Email: envhelp@ky.gov • Website: dca.ky.gov

2. What are the potential hazards and safety risks associated with a solid waste landfill?

3. What are the benefits of safety, safety procedures and process of establishing a safety program?

4. Chapter 05 General Objective Explain the tasks associated with landfill operations, the types of equipment needed, and the steps necessary for an effective maintenance program.

5. Chapter 05 Specific Objectives • Identify the legal requirement for a safety program. • Describe the steps in establishing a safety program. • Demonstrate knowledge of theequipment regulations for each landfill type.

6. Safety Regulations • Safety on the worksite is MANDATED • Comply with the Code of Federal Regulations • 29 CFR 1910.146 • Kentucky’s Occupational Safety and Health Standards • OSHA General Duty Clause [5(a)(1)]

7. Importance of Safe Operations • Complete Cooperation of all Landfill Personnel • Management MUST demonstrate concern for the welfare of all employees • National Safety Council: Injury Statistics are 14 X the National Average for Refuse Disposal Operations • More than 80% of all accidents are caused by unsafe acts. • Most accidents are preventable

8. Landfill Risks • Heavy Equipment • Hazards • Collection • Transportation • Processing • Foreign Materials • Vectors • Pathogens • Noise • Dust • Fire • Risks DO NOT need to be unreasonable

9. Minimizing Landfill Risks • Fairness to workers requires SAFETY TRAINING • Job risks and hazards • How to deal with potential hazards

10. Unsafe Operation Economic Impacts • Effects of Accidents • Unprotected Exposure • Occupational Hazards • Overwhelms Operational Budgets

11. Unsafe Operation Economic Impacts • Direct COSTS • Treatment of injuries • Disabilities • Employee Death • Equipment and Facility Damage • Increased Insurance Costs • Damage to Worker Morale and Productivity

12. Safety Concerns • Fairness • Economic • OSHA Regulations • KY Regulations • 29 CFR 1910 • 803 KAR 2: 300-320 • Employers must make workers aware of workplace hazards

13. Benefits of Safe Operations • Workers are on the job, not on the injury list • Higher Morale • Possible Lower Accident insurance • Equipment will last longer and require fewer repairs • Operator Benefits • Avoids pain and possible permanent injury • No loss of wages or job security • Better chance for promotions and transfers • Morale is high as free time can be enjoyed more fully.

14. Attitude Your best protection against injury is your own attitude.

15. Landfill Operations Safety Programs • More than simply holding safety meetings • Programs used to identify facility hazards • Personnel Training for EVERYONE • Unsafe conditions • Unsafe actions • Correct reporting procedures to mitigate hazards • Evaluation of Normal Workday Hazards • Develop and Implement Hazard Reduction Procedures

16. Risk Assessment • Assess and Prioritize Existing Hazards • Adverse Effects • Conditions for Hazards to Occur • Results of Accidents • Evaluate Conditions of Exposure and Impacts • Degree of Harm • Develop Control Methods and Procedures to Minimize Employee and Public Harm

17. Program Monitoring • Monitor and Update Safety Program • Annually (minimum) • Determine Effectiveness of Control Methods and Procedures • Evaluate Potential NEW Hazards • Update Program as Landfill Activities Change • Hold REGULAR MEETINGS to discuss causes and methods for preventing accidents

18. Program Monitoring • Reporting Procedures • All personnel must know reporting procedures • Accidents, injuries, fires, unusual occurrences • Procedures should be posted by the phone and in the safety program documentation • Records • Necessary for state and federal regulation compliance • Provide indication of Safety Program Effectiveness

19. Landfill Hazards • Chemical Hazards • Physical Hazards • Biological Hazards

20. Chemical Hazards • Employee Right to Know (29 CFR 1910.1200) • Developing a Safety Program • Identify Chemical Hazards • Inform ALL Employees • Hazardous Chemicals • Health Effects of Exposure • Understand How to Work Safely • Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

21. Protection from Chemical Hazards • Entering the Body • Inhalation (most common) • Ingestion • Absorption (skin or eyes) • Injection

22. Protection from Chemical Hazards • Exposure • Lack of Knowledge of the Materials • Failure to Follow Proper Procedures • Failure to Use Appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • Failure to Decontaminate(person or equipment) • Carelessness

23. Protection from Chemical Hazards • Select proper PPE for working with the chemical • MANAGER has responsibility to be certain employees are properly trained • Contained Landfills • Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) • Limited Quantity Hazardous Waste (LQHW) • Small Quantity Hazardous Waste Spill Residues

24. Protection from Chemical Hazards • When Unknown Waste is Encountered • Manager should check with scale house operator (name of generator and waste type) • If Waste is Unauthorized: Generator MUST retrieve the material or pay for its safe removal and disposal elsewhere • If Waste is Unknown: Manager must contact a hazardous material contractor or the DWM • OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120 (HAZWOPER)

25. Physical Hazards • Abundant at Landfill Operations • Examples • Exposure to Large Equipment • Electrical Hazards • Confined Spaces • Minor Injuries (cuts, strains, sprains, bruises, abrasions) • Causes • Slips, falls, improper lifting, incautious backing of equipment, improper confined space entry, failure to properly lock-out/tag-out energy sources, power tools.

26. Physical Hazards: Injuries • Most injuries are minor • Serious Injuries or Death • Hearing Damage • Fatalities – Confined Space Entry • Exposure to Heat and Cold • Fatigue, Dizziness and Confusion

27. Equipment Operation • Equipment Safety Training • Check for Defects • DO NOT START Defective Equipment • Be Aware of Surroundings • Walk Around Work Area • Clear a Path

28. Operator Protective Equipment • Hearing Protection • Hard Hat • Safety Shoes • Safety Goggles • Gloves • Long-Sleeved Shirts and Trousers • Fluorescent Vests • Respirators

29. Biological Hazards • Take Appropriate Precautions • Wastewater Plant Sludge • Blood-born Pathogens • Mold and Fungi

30. Biological Hazards: Reducing Risks • Select Proper PPE • Personal Hygiene

31. Fire Safety • Equipment and Buildings must have proper fire extinguishers • Checked Regularly • Serviced as Needed • Different types (classes) of fires require different types of fire extinguishers.

32. Classes (Types) of Fires • Class A Fires - wood clothing, paper, rags, solid materials • Class B Fires – flammable liquids (dilute or eliminate air) • Class C Fires – electrical equipment and facilities (non-conductive of electricity) • Class D Fires – chemical reaction of metal compounds (Al, Mg, P)

33. First Aid • First Aid Kits should be readily available to everyone at the site. • Clearly Marked • Highly Visible

34. First Aid • Kit should be maintained • Supplies stocked on a regular basis • Supplies should NOT expire • At least one person at the site should have a FIRST AID CERTIFICATE (8 hours) • Red Cross Chapter • Education Facility

35. Confined Space Entry • Large enough for an employee to enter fully and perform assigned work • 29 CFR 1910.146b • Non-Permit Confined Space does not contain any hazard capable of causing death or serious physical harm

36. Confined Space Entry • Cleaning • Inspection • Repair • Hydrogen Sulfide gas may require confined entry permit

37. Confined Space Entry Hazards • Oxygen Deficiency • Combustibles • Methane • Hydrogen • Acetylene • Propane • Gasoline Fumes • Toxic Materials • Carbon Monoxide • Methane Gas • Hydrogen Sulfide • Welding Fumes • Corrosives • Electricity • Mechanical Hazards • Mixers • Crushers

38. Contractor Confined Space Entry • Contractors must be informed of the hazards within the space • Owners and operators should ensure the emergency response teams are available prior to entry

39. Training and Responsibilities • All authorized and affected employees shall be instructed in the safety significance of the lock-out procedures by their supervisor. • Each new or transfer employee shall receive the same instruction.

40. CDD Landfill Safety Regulations401 KAR 48:060, 2(2-11) • CDD Operators SHALL NOT • Permit or engage in open burning of waste • Deposit burning or smoldering wastes in the fill • Allow uncontrolled public access • CDD Operators SHOULD • Develop and maintain a fire safety and response plan • Provide adequate communication facilities • Emergency numbers should be stored in the cell phone • Location by road address OR by latitude and longitude

41. Contained Landfill Safety Regulations401 KAR 48:070, Section 5 Contained Landfill Operators SHOULD • Separate Areas for Handling Problem Wastes • Away from Daily Working Face • Allow Safe Handling of Certain Wastes • Burning waste • Wastes from pick-up tracks and automobiles • Salvageable and recyclable materials • Location must be noted on the plans • “Hot Load Area” shall be away from waste disposal area

42. Contained Landfill Safety Regulations401 KAR 48:070, Section 5 and 12 Contained Landfill Operators SHOULD • Maintain “Citizen’s Disposal” Area • Maintain a Recycling or Salvaged Materials Area • Maintain a Safety and Communication Plan • Safe Operating and Maintenance for Heavy Equipment • OSHA Procedures to Protect Employees • Emergency Communication Equipment Description • Fire Fighting Contingency Plan

43. Residual and Special Waste Landfill Safety Regulations Residual and Special Waste Landfill Operators MUST • Comply with the EPS – include a safety clause • Explosive gases • Fires • Access • Most industrial landfills do NOT accept materials • That may generate methane or explosive gases • That may be flammable • CDD Rules apply if wastes are flammable

44. Chapter 05 General Objective Explain the tasks associated with landfill operations, the types of equipment needed, and the steps necessary for an effective maintenance program.

45. Chapter 05 Specific Objectives • Identify the legal requirement for a safety program. • Describe the steps in establishing a safety program. • Demonstrate knowledge of theequipment regulations for each landfill type.