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Ions and Chemical Bonds

Ions and Chemical Bonds. Cation Anion Monatomic Ions Polyatomic Ions Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds Metallic Bonds. Cation. An ionic charge is written as a number followed by a sign, such as 1+, 2+, 3+, 1-, 2-, or 3-. Cation : has a positive charge such as N a + , Mg 2+ , or Al 3+

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Ions and Chemical Bonds

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  1. Ions and Chemical Bonds • Cation • Anion • Monatomic Ions • Polyatomic Ions • Ionic Bonds • Covalent Bonds • Metallic Bonds

  2. Cation An ionic charge is written as a number followed by a sign, such as 1+, 2+, 3+, 1-, 2-, or 3-. Cation: • has a positive charge such as Na+, Mg2+, or Al3+ • formed when an atom loses electron(s). • The name is the same as the element name. Na+ Sodium ion Al3+ Aluminum ion

  3. Anion • has a negative charge such asCl- , S2- , orN3- • formed when an atom gains electrons. • The name ends in –ide. (root + ide) Ex. Cl- chloride ion S2-sulfide ion O2- oxide ion

  4. Practice:1. Give the name and symbol of the ion formed when • A calcium atom loses 2 electrons. Solution: Ionic charge is 2+ Symbol: Ca2+ Name: Calcium ion • A sulfur atom gains 2 electrons. Solution: Ionic charge is 2- Symbol: S2- Name: Sulfide ion

  5. Practice • How many electrons are lost or gained in forming each ion? • a. Ba2+ 2+: lost 2 electrons. • b. N3- 3-: gained 3 electrons. • c. O2- 2-: gained 2 electrons. • d. K++: lost 1 electrons

  6. Monatomic ions • Ions consisting of only one atom • The metals in groups 1A, 2A,and 3A lose electrons when they form cations. The ionic charge is positive and is numerically equal to the group #. Group1A= 1+, 2A= 2+,and 3A= 3+ • Nonmetals tend to gain electrons and form anions. The ionic charge is negative and the numerical charge is determined by subtracting the group# from 8. Group7A= 1- (8-7=1), 6A=2- (8-6=2) 5A=3- (8-5=3)

  7. Predicting Charges on Monatomic Ions KNOW THESE !!!! +1 +2 -3 -2 -1 0

  8. Practice • What is the charge of the ion typically formed by each element? • a. Strontium 2+ (metal in Group2A) • b. Sulfur 2- (nonmetal in group6A; 8-6=2) • c. Argon no ion formed (in Group8A) • d. Bromine 1- (nonmetal in group7A; 8-7=1) • e. Phosphorus 3- (nonmetal in group5A; 8-5=3)

  9. Polyatomic Ions • Groups of atoms and carry a charge, such as NO3- (nitrate ion) and NO2- (nitrite ion) • The -ite ending indicates one less oxygen atom than the –ate ending.

  10. Common Monatomic Ions

  11. Chemical Bonds 3 forms of chemical bonds: • Ionic bond— formed between a cation and an anion. • Covalent bond—formed when some valence electrons shared between atoms. • Metallic bond – holds atoms of a metal together.

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