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Reproduction

Reproduction. How do we get more plants or animals?. I. Asexual Reproduction (clones). a. tip/stem layering – come in contact with ground, send down roots. b. cuttings – piece of a plant in H 2 O until rooted (root powder helps). Asexual Reproduction (clones).

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Reproduction

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  1. Reproduction How do we get more plants or animals?

  2. I. Asexual Reproduction (clones) a. tip/stem layering–come in contact with ground, send down roots. b. cuttings–piece of a plant in H2O until rooted (root powder helps)

  3. Asexual Reproduction (clones) c. grafting–attach a stem/twig of a plant to a different plant. d. budding–similar to grafting

  4. Asexual Reproduction (clones) e. runners–strawberry (underground shoots) f. bulb (onion and tulips) cormduplication (gladiolas)

  5. II. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS a.Flower parts i.Sepal (all = calyx) Green – leaf like.Protect flower prior to opening ii.Petals (all = corolla)Protect reproductive parts.Attract pollinators

  6. iii. Stamen (♂ male parts) 1.pollencontains sperm 2.antherproduces pollen 3.filamentholds anther up to aid in pollination

  7. Pollen

  8. iv. Pistil (♀ female parts) 1.stigmapollen sticks to it. 2.stylesupports stigmaaids pollination 3.ovarycreates eggs, becomes fruit 4.Ovules –turn into seeds if fertilized

  9.  V.      ReceptaclePoint where flower joins stem

  10. b. Flower types i.PerfectBoth male and female parts ii.ImperfectMale or Female parts iii.CompleteAll flower parts iv.IncompleteMissing one or more parts.

  11. c. Pollination a.Pollination –pollen is transferred from an anther to a stigma i.Self-pollinationuses own pollen ii.Cross-pollinationpollen from a different plant

  12. Self Pollination Cross Pollination

  13. Mini Quiz 1 3 2 4 pistil 7 5 6 8

  14. Pollinators 1.Insects 2.Rain 3. Mammals

  15. MINI QUIZ: Label this flower diagram from memory 5 1 2 6 7 3 8 4 9 10

  16. d. Fertilization = union of egg and sperm i.Pollen lands on stigma ii.pollen tube grows into an ovule iii.sperm is delivered to an egg Pollination Fertilization

  17. e. Flower  Fruit i.ovary ripens into a fruit ii.fruits are filled with seeds

  18. f. Seed Dispersal i.Wind, ex. Maple seeds ii.Animal (sticky), ex. burrs iii.Mechanical, pop out, beans iv.Water, coconut v.Birds, ex. MulberrySome seeds must pass through a bird or will not germinate

  19. III.Germination –when a seed begins to grow a.Seeds –potential plants

  20. b. Requirements for Germination i.Water ii.Correct Temperature iii.Sometimes Light

  21. IV. Life Spans of plants a.Annual –only one year i.Ex. Beans, marigolds, etc. b.Biennial – two years, first grow a deep root, then grow a big top i.Ex. Beet, carrot

  22. Life Spans of plants c.Perennial –many years d.Oldest plant = bristlecone pine at 4767 years old (from a ring sample)

  23. What processes must occur for a seed to create more seeds? a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j.

  24. Lab 56 epicotyl micropyle hilum cotyledon

  25. COTYLEDON HYPOCOTYL EPICOTYL RADICAL

  26. Animal Reproduction = All SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

  27. I. Female Human Anatomy a.Female reproductive organ = b.Job: nurture eggs, produce estrogen and progesterone, female hormones. c.Location: lower abdomen Ovary

  28. II. The egg (haploid = 23 chromosomes) a.When are eggs made?Prior to birth in the female fetus b.When is an egg released (ovulation)? Once every 28 days c.How long does an egg live? 72 hours, only 24 once it reaches the oviduct (http://biology.clemson.edu/biolab/ovum.html )

  29. III. Anatomy i.Ovary –1.5 inch sphere ii.Oviduct (Fallopian Tube)–Tubes from near ovary into the uterus iii.Uterus –Pear shaped organ, womb 1.Endometrium –inner lining of the uterus

  30. iv.Cervix –opening at the base of the uterus, dilates open during delivery of a baby. v. Vagina –tube to the outside of the body

  31. Fertilization in sea urchin video: • http://www.exploratorium.edu/imaging_station/gallery.php?Asset=speciesspecificfert&Category=fertilization&Type=video

  32. IV. Journey of the egg fertilization  embryo a.Trace the path of the egg from ovulation (release) to implantation (pregnancy): i.Captured by fimbrae of oviduct ii.Travel down oviduct, fertilized by sperm iii.Growing ball of cells implanted in uterus wall The egg/zygote’s journey takes 3-5 days

  33. b. Trace the path of the fetus out of the uterus (womb) i.Through dilated cervix ii.Out through vagina, birth canal

  34. c. How does urine leave the body? Through the urethra, above vaginal opening.

  35. VII. Secondary Sex Characteristics a.Breasts enlarge b.Body contours change c.Genitals develop d.Pubic and armpit hair e.Menarche = 1st menstruation

  36. VIII.Hormones  Estrogen and _Progesterone_ are made in the _Ovary_ Estrogen and Progesterone

  37. IX. Sexual Maturity • Menarche = the first period • Menopause = periods stop i. Symptoms = hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings. ii. Treatments = hormone replacement

  38. X. Male Human Anatomy a.Male reproductive organ =_____________ b.Job: Produce sperm and testosterone c.Location:In a sack (scrotum) between legs testes

  39. XI. The sperm (haploid = 23 chromosomes) a.Where are sperm made?Seminiferous tubules in the teste b.How are sperm released (ejaculation)?Through the vas deferens and out the urethra c.How long does sperm live?72 hours out of the body. (http://www.raysahelian.com/sperm.html) d.Where would a sperm meet an egg? In the oviduct of the female

  40. XII. Anatomy a.Testis –1.5 inch oval in the scrotum i.Seminiferous tubules –Site of spermatogenesis (sperm making) b.Epididymis –Store & nurture sperm c.Vas deferens –long tube to urethra

  41. d.Prostate –Produces semen (lubricant) e.Seminal vesicle –Produces semen (lubricant) f.Bulbourethral gland (Cowper’s gland) –Produces semen (lubricant)

  42. g.Urethra –Common tube for semen and urine h.Penis –External male organ i.Prepuce (foreskin) –Often removed

  43. XIII. Sperm vs. Semen • Sperm are the reproductive cells • Semen consists of: the sperm cells, nourishing fluids, and lubricating fluids from Cowper’s, Seminal, and Prostate Glands

  44. XIV. What is circumcision? Removal of the foreskin (prepuce)

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